
Rnnfc .rr-jjff/i 



The Rozbury Magazine 




When in doubt 
Buy of Osgood 



LINUS D. DRURY, Ph.G., 

. . . Pharmaceutical Chemist, 

148 Dudley Street, corner Warren, 

ROXBURY, MASS. 




OXBURY'5 

ELIABLE 

GOFERS 



WILLI AHS & DALY, ... 180 Dudley Street 

Telephone, 271-2 Roxbury. 



The Roxbury Mas:azine 



American Insurance Company 

OF BOSTON. 

OFFICE. 30 Kilby Street 




Liabilities, . 
Surplus, . 
Capital Stock, 



$172,149.77 
•77t007.66 
300,000.00 



Qroas Assets )«/-„. 
Dec. 31.1898 ) $649,157-43 



Henry S. Bean, 

Secretary. 



Francis Peabody, 

President. 



Reserved, 




The Roxbory Magazine 



R R PUTNAM, 

APOTHECARY and CHEMIST, 

31 School Street, cor. Gty HaU Avenue, 
2i2t "Washingfton St., opp. Eustts Street, 
> jt jt ^ jt BOSTON, jt jt ^ j» jt 

Telephones: 

Boston, Putnam's Qty HaU Drug Store, 

and Roxbury 308. 


FRED T. BRIDGE, 

School for Dancing 
and Deportment ^ 

Walnut Hall, 203 "Warren Street, J- Roxbury. 

Next Beg:inners, Monday, February 20, 
and March 20. 

Advanced Oast, Friday evening. 
Children's Class, Saturday, 2 P.M. 
Private lessoni daily, jt jIt jIt Jt 

P.S.- This is a select school. No bluff. Give us a call. 
Yours truly, F. T. BRIDGE. 


G«. B. Fau„«. EsUblished 186J. Chas. M. F.on«. 

Geo. B. Faunce & Son, 

Agents for the pufchase, 
sale, and care of 

Real Estate and General 

Insurance Agents, 

2385 Washington Street, 
Boston Hig^hlands. 


First-class goods at moderate prices .^ .j* 

Dale Street 
Bakery ^ 

J6 Dale Street Telephone 413-2 

339 Warren Street Telephone 4J3J 

2707 Washingfton Street . . Telephone 4J3-4 
28J0 Blue Hill Avenue . . . Telephone 6J3-2 


FRANCIS A. NORTON, 

Dealer in 

FURNACES, 
STOVES, and 
RANGES. 

All kinds of Sheet Metal Vorfc done in a practical manner. 

Special attention given to Furnace Heating, 

Ventilation, and Smoky Chimneys. 

Furnace and Stove Repairs. 

Orders for jobbing: promptly attended to. 

34-36 ROXBURY STREET, 
BOSTON. 


W, H» Hervey & Company, 

DeaWs in 

FURNITURE and 
CARPETS. ^J^^ 

HOUSEHOLD GOODS SOLD ON 
INSTALMENTS. 

5 Union Street, cor. North, 
BOSTON, 



The Roxbory Magazine 



Don't 



Neglect a cough or cold during these sudden 
changes in the climate. Many die weekly from 
diseases which commenced with a cough. If it is 
serious, consult your family doctor; if only a 
slight attack, our 

White Pine Cough Syrup 

Will quickly stop it. 
Pleasant to take. . . 

Price, 25 cents per bottle, 

AT 

Pierce's Pharmacy, 3i6Shawniut Ave. 

Opposite Union Park. 



Dt. W. R, Sawyer, 
"Dentist 

Hall Building, 646 Warren Street. 

Hours) 9 to 12, 1 to 5. 




The Roxbory Magfazine 



TELEPHONE, ROXBURY 




Q 



Telephona, 
Roxbury 4S2-2, 



■■^ 394 Warren St., Cor. Savin, 
Roxbury. 



E. W. JORDAN, 

roceries and 

Provisions, 



Fresh Fish and Oysters. 

Agent for Nobscvt Spring Water. 



661 Warren St. and 5 Georgia St., 
GROVE HALL. 



N. A. ETTER,: 



Carpenter and 
Builder, 

87 Warren Street, ROXBURY, MASS. 



Jobbing promptly attended to. 

Telephone, 436-2 Roxbury. 



INORFOUK 

HOUSE 

CASIINO 



Bowling Alleys 

FOUK Will be let to parties from 

ALLEYS. « *» '»-^» 



SUPPER CAN BE FURNISHED 
IF DESIRED. 



Telephone, 646-3 Roxbury. 

A. JOHNSON, 

Uphol^sterer, 

STEAH CARPET CLEANINQ. 

473 Blue Hill Avenue, 

GROVE HALL. ^ 

623 Washington Street, 
'** DORCHESTER. 



Lane & Rowell, 

Tailors, 

1 5 Bromfield Street, Boston. 



The Roxbury Mag^azine 



Philadelphia Ice Cream Co., 



ISO Tremont St., 
BOSTON. 



ICE CREAHS and SHERBETS. 



Families, fairs, and parties supplied. Delivered to all parts of the city, Highlands, and Brookline free. 
Orders received by mail, express, and Telephone, Oxford 582. 



E. n. LAWS. 



Proprietor. 



The Warren Fish Market. 

WILLIAM C. EICHORN, 



Fresh and Salt Fish, Oysters, Clams, Lobsters, etc. 

No. 163 Warren Street, No. 367 Warren Street, 
BOSTON HIGHLANDS. 




Orders ciUtd tor and delivered promptly. 



Telephone, Roxbury. 



ARTHUR McARTHUR & CO., 

16-26 CornhiU, 
Two doors from Washing^ton Street. 

Furniture and Carpets 

in the greatest variety, 
at the lowest prices. j» 



LEWIS A. MANN, 
Funeral Director and Embalmer, 

146 DUDLEY STREET, cor. WARREN, 
BOSTON. 
Office open day and night. 

Telephone, Roxbury 894-2. 

CHARLES R. DANE, 
FLORIST, 

'^"aRccHHouti. 2023 Washington Street. 

We carry a very large stock of Roses, Pinks, 
Violets and other cut flowers. Out floral work not 
excelled anywhere. 

2023 Washington Street, 

Ttl.=PHO«, 67» Rox.u.Y. ^^^^ MADISON, 



Richard Addison, 

Provisions and Groceries, 

212 Shawmut Ave., BOSTON, 

CORMCR DOVER STREET. 

GEO. B. GRANT & CO., 

Coal and "Wood, 

301 HARRISON AVENUE, cor. MOTTE STREET, 
BOSTON. 
Telephone, Tremont 287. 
Wharf, No. 1 Commercial Wharf. 

Best Qualities Family Coal. 

THE HOME BAKERY, 

414 BLUE HILL AVE. 

(niar oivon •trkt.) 



All our goods are home-made, baked on the premises. 
Baked Beans and Steamed Brown Bread Saturday night 
and Sunday morning. 



The Roxbury Mag^azine 



ESTABLISHED 1842. 



The . . . 
High-grade 



5tieff Pianos 



Have acquired a reputation. 
Quality did it. Jt Ji Jt J. Jt 



The Stieff Piano is strongly endorsed by many of the leading artists throughout the United States. 

QARDINER & OSGOOD, 

Eastern Representatives, 

156 A Tremont Street, Boston. 



97/artin jC. Cate 



^ir», JCife, 9/^ar/n», i^ents, jCeases, ^Profits, 
Jiceidgnt, Cmploi/ers' and jCandlords' jCiabilUi/, 
"Ueam Owners', iPlaie Slass, and ^ury/ary. . , 



iDsorance of all kinds 
Real Estate and Mortgages 

4 Liberty Sq., Boston. 

Telephone, 3287 Boston. 

2389 Washington St., 
Roxbury. 

Telephone, 286 Roxbury. 



Roxbury Latin School, 

(Founded 1645.) 

BOSTON, MASS. 
William C. Collar, Head-master. 

The Trustees announce that they have purchased a 
pleasant and commodious house near the school grounds, 
which they will place in charge of one of the masters, Mr. 
Famham, as a home for boys from a distance, who may be 
sent to prepare for Harvard or other colleges. 

For boys who live with Mr. Farnham, the Trustees 
feel that they can assure the advantages of a refined home 
and a good school. In addition certain other educational 
privileges, in which Boston is so rich, will be made avail- 
able. Parents who intend to travel, but wish the education 
of their sons to be carried on under the best safeguards, 
are advised to consider this opportunity. 

For the few vacancies that will remain after all quali- 
fied Roxbury boys have been received, the Trustees desire 
to draw to the school only boys of excellent character and 
good home training; and boys under fifteen will be given 
the preference. 

By order 

James De Normandie, D.D., 
President of Trustees. 
For further information, address 

O. M. Farnham, 

Roxbury Latin School, 
Boston, Mass. 



Fine Catering in 
its branches. 




Ice- 
creams 
and Ices, 
Table Deli- 
cacies. 
Fresh Straw- 
berries are in, and 
are now being used 
all our Ices. 



Talbot Ave., Dorchester. 



Telephone, Dorchester 256. 



The Roxbury Magfazine 



C. D. Swain 
& Co., 

(jrocers, 

Storage for Furniture aod 
Household Goods. 

No. 2364 

Washington St., 

Boston, Mass. 



A Card. 

The undersigned, formerly of 
the firm of A. H. Howe & Com- 
pany and later of Henderson & 
Pretto, desires to announce that 
he has leased the store 2345 
Washington Sh-eet, in Rockland 
Bank Building, where he will be 
pleased to welcome friends and 
patrons after March 1. A com- 
plete line of fine and medium 
grade footwear will be carried, 
and special attention will be 
given to those who have diffi- 
culty in getting a comfortable 
shoe. 

R. W. HENDERSON. 



Electric Lighting.^ 
H. A. Holder, 

Electrician. 

Telephones, 
Electric Motors and 
Ventilating Fans, 
Electric Bells and 
Speaking Tubes, 
Electric Door Locks 
and Openers. 

i8 Avery Street, Boston, Mass. 

45 Warren Street, 

Roxbury, Mass. 




The housekeepers of Roxbury are cordially invited 
to call and examine our line of Groceries, and see if 
we do not keep as good a quality as is sold in Boston. 

We have a full line of Tin and Pearl Agate ware for 
kitchen use. 

We receive Eggs every Wednesday, which we war- 
rant FRESH, and are agents for the sale of the famous 
Thetford Creamery Butter, in prints and five 
and ten pound packages, which we receive every 
Thursday direct. Try them. 

L. W. & H. F. HORSE CO., 

Nos. 1-5-9 Walnut Avenue, and 

norse Brothers, No. 479 Blue HUI Avenue. 



THE ROXBURY 
M AGAZ I N E 



PUBLISHED BY THE 

BRANCH ALLIANCE 
ALL SOULS UNITARIAN CHURCH 

ROXBURY, MASS. 



'99 



BOSTON 

GEO. H. ELLIS, PRINTER, 272 CONGRESS STREET 






Ji^ix 



CONTENTS, 

PACK 

Frontispif.ce, Scarboro Ponu, Franklin Pakk. 

Franklin Park Hon. Edwin Upton Curtis 5 

First Church and John Ei.iot Rev. James De Normandie, D.D. 7 

Gilbert Stuart Polly R. Hollingsworth 12 

The Pudding-stone Rev. Henry T. Secrist 14 

The Roxbury Latin School William C. Collar 15 

Poem, Santa Claus Rev. Albert H. Plumb, D.D. 17 

Famous Men Moses Grant Daniell 18 

Selections from "Beyond the Grave" . . Bishop Randolph S. Foster, D.D. 22 

Hymn : Hallowed be Thy Name Rev. Tlieodore C. Williams 23 

Roxbury in 1775 Rev. Edivard Everett Hale, D.D. 24 

Ben Adhem House Caroline S. Atheiton 27 

Some Roxbury Institutions Edward B. Lane, M.D. 28 

Mrs. James Guild CatJiarine O. Sumner 30 

Prevalent Poetry Charles Fallen Adams 31 

Landmarks L. Foster Morse 32 

Letter from Rev. Lvm.vn Abbott, D.D Rev. Lyman Abbott, D.D. ^6 

Poem, Limitation Lillian G. Shuman 37 

Clubs . . . Hon. Horace G. Allen, Ida E. Hnnneman, Chas. F. Withitigton, M.D. 38 

Brook Farm Rev. William H. Lyon, D.D. 41 

M. V. A. A. Work in Roxbury E. H. Bradford, M.D. 43 

Reminiscences P. R. H. 44 

Military Organizations Hon. William L. Oliu 46 

All Souls Church Mary S. Pliilbrick 47 




FRANKLIN PARK. 

[NE of the features of the general scheme for park development pro- 
posed by the first Board of Park Commissioners in 1876 was a large 
park in West Roxbury. The commission, fortunately, in this park, 
as well as in the whole park system of the city, had the advice of 
Mr. Frederick Law Olmsted, the eminent landscape architect, and 
his associates ; and to their well-developed plan, so carefully thought 
out, in advance is due the beauty of design which becomes more and 
more apparent as the plan develops from year to year. 

Franklin Park was first called West Roxbury Park on account 
of its location; but the name was changed in January 1882. The change was made, 
not simply with the object of honoring one of the nation's greatest men, a resident of 
Boston, but also because it was at that time proposed to use a portion of the Franklin 
Fund when it became available in 1891 for the payment of the park loan. But on account 
of legal objections or for other reasons this was not carried out. 

The land for Franklin Park was taken in 1883 and 1884. The cost of the land was 
more than g 1,500,000. The area is 527 acres. 

In its landscape Franklin Park is a great natural park, with woodland, rocky hills, 
meadows, and ponds. It affords to many a resident of the near-by city an opportunity to 
view a little rural scenery which possibly he would never see, had it not been provided by 
the forethought of the city authorities ; and the many visitors of all ages and classes on 
a warm Saturday afternoon or Sunday in summer attest its popularity. 

Those who enjoy driving, find in its ten miles of smooth roads, an opportunity for 
pleasure free from the noise and bustle of the usual city streets, while those who choose 
the saddle are provided with something over two miles of bridle path suitable for this 
class of sport. Its roads also make it a paradise for the bicycle rider ; and on a pleasant 
day or evening in spring or fall thousands of these noiseless machines may be counted, 
the smiling faces of their riders attesting their enjoyment. For those who, from neces- 
sity or preference, choose to roam about the park on foot, have been provided some 
twenty miles of walks, which wind around and over the hills and valleys to many pleasant 
and sheltered nooks where the pedestrian may rest, and, while resting, feast his eyes on 
the moving throng in the roadways or upon a pretty bit of scenery. 

In the northern section of the park is the Playstead, a level piece of ground of thirty 
acres, where the school-boy finds splendid opportunity for athletic recreation ; and, in 
season, one may see several games of base-ball or foot-ball going on at the same time 
without interfering one with the other. On the southerly side of the Playstead is the 
Overlook, which forms an elevated terrace, eight hundred feet long, for spectators. This 
terrace, built of the stones taken from the Playstead, with its irregular front covered with 
vegetation, forms a beautiful background for the level playground. 

Beyond Glen Road, the traffic street across the park, is the " Country Park," almost 
H mile square. Here everything is natural as far as possible, and consistent with public 



6 Franklin Park 

use, the roads and paths being merely for convenience in crossing to the various points of 
interest. Here nothing of an artificial or decorative nature intrudes itself upon the vision. 
The woods in the Country Park are much used for picnics, while on the level places are 
lawn tennis courts. Lately golf links have been provided, and are much used. The grass 
is kept at a proper length by a fine flock of sheep, which, in addition to their usefulness, 
afford a never-ending source of amusement to young and old, who alike take pleasure in 
watching the sheep and their attendant and intelligent guardian, the shepherd dog. 

Located in the Country Park is Schoolmaster's Hill, so called because near by was 
the home of Schoolmaster Ralph Waldo Emerson. On this hill is the " pergola," a place 
provided with tables and seats for lunch-basket parties. 

From Scarboro Hill one obtains a fine view of the Blue Hill range and the interven- 
ing country. 

There are many other points of beauty and interest in this "people's park," which 
seem to say to all : — 

" Come live with me, and be my love ; 
And we will all the pleasures prove 
That hills and valleys, dales and fields. 
Woods or steepy mountain yields." 

Edwin Upton Curtis. 





u rg- 



■ of Hougiio,,, M.p,, & Co. 









i- 


-^^ppiw^ 


■ 






gH 







"HE FIRST CHURCH IX ROXBURY, 



FIRST CHURCH AND JOHN ELIOT. 



i 



HERE stands in the middle of Eliot Square, Roxbury, a venerable edifice, 
perhaps the finest specimen of the Puritan meeting-house remaining in New 
England. All the religious associations of this colony from 1631 to 1773 
cluster around this spot ; and for a long time it was the place of worship for 
the inhabitants included in what is now Roxbury, Jamaica Plain, and West Roxbury, 
together with many of the settlers in Brookline. 

Within the last twenty-five years the population of Roxbury has increased so rapidly 
that great numbers are living within a circle of a mile or two from the old church, know- 
ing nothing of its history, — thousands of whom, we think, might come to be interested in 
its past, its present, and its future. 

The first house of worship, like so many of its kind in the new colonies, was built of 
logs, with a thatched roof and a clay floor. It was about twenty by thirty feet, and 
twelve feet high ; and the settlers at Brookline paid one-fifth of its cost. The first houses 
were built along the street now bearing the name of the town, and there was a regulation 
that every one must build within half a mile of the meeting-house. This building stood 
from 1632 until 1674. The second house of worship was much larger, and answered its 
purposes until 1741. 

A new and larger one was then erected, but it was destroyed by fire in 1746. The 
fire caught, the records say, from a foot-stove ; and some thought it was a divine judgment 
upon the love of ease and luxury which was creeping into the settlement. For, until this 
time, the fire of devotion was the only warmth the old meeting-house had through the 
long services, although some of the worshippers would take their dogs to lie on the floor, 
while they put their feet upon them, the better to endure the winter's cold. Many of the 
customs of these early days seem very strange to our generation. As there was no fire, 
the church was regarded as the safest place to keep the powder of the settlement, and 
sometimes it was stored in the steeple, sometimes on the beams of the roof ; and occa- 
sionally, if a thunder-storm came on during the time of public worship, the congregation 
would leave the altar, and take shelter in the neighboring woods for fear of an explosion. 
Sometimes, in seasons of abundant harvest, the farmers were allowed to store their grain 
in the loft of the meeting-house ; while notices of every kind of meeting, orders and reso- 
lutions of the town, summonses to town meetings, intentions of marriage, copies of the 
law against Sabbath-breaking, announcements of vendues and sales, lists of the town 
officers, rules about the Indians, were posted on the house, sometimes covering it well 
over, while it was no unusual thing for the freshly severed heads of wolves to be nailed 
under the windows to attest the skill of the hunter or prove the reward due him. Close 
in the rear of the meeting-house were those guardians of the peace, and terrors of 
evil-doers, — the stocks and pillory, — where the offenders were placed within full view of 
the innocent. There was no bell, but the willing congregation gathered at the call of a 
drum or shell. As an old verse has it : — 



8 First Church and John Eliot 

" New England's Sabbath day 
Is heaven-like, still, and pure. 
When Israel walks the way 
Up to the temple's door. 
The time we tell 
When there to come 
By beat of drum 
Or sounding shell." 

The prayers were frequently an hour long, the sermons of even greater length, meas- 
ured by an hour-glass, when clocks and timepieces were rare ; and it is told of one of the 
ministers of New England that, when the sands were run out, he would look over his 
sleepy congregation, and say, "Come, friends, let's take another glass." 

The fourth house of worship was built in 1746. Of this we have a plan ; and, as it 
was like the preceding one, we know the precise style of the meeting-house in which our 
fathers worshipped a hundred years ago. The entrance was from the south side, and the 
pulpit opposite upon the north. Directly in front of the pulpit was a goodly number of 
free seats ; and among the names of the occupants of the square pews we read these, 
still frequently met with among our citizens or perpetuated by our streets : Curtis, May, 
Seaver, Bowles, Crafts, Williams, Heath (of Revolutionary fame), Ruggles, Dudley, and 
Joseph Warren, who fell at Bunker Hill. 

The population had so increased that it was thought the time had come to provide 
meeting-houses in the more remote parts of the town, so that in 1712 a second church 
was gathered in what is now West Roxbury ; and in 1773 was erected the present old 
church, now standing on Centre Street, near South, although partly destroyed by fire a 
few years since. This is the church that was made famous by the ministry of Theodore 
Parker. From this, as well as from the mother church, still another parish was formed in 
1769, which is now the First Congregational Society of Jamaica Plain, quite near to the 
Soldiers' Monument. 

It may be some reassurance to those who think that the interest in public worship is 
declining that a record in 1820 says : " The interest in religion had so far declined that, 
although there are in the first parish in Roxbury, completed and building, three churches 
within the compass of a few rods, those who prefer to spend their Sabbaths in regular 
worship to lounging about taverns and pilfering in the fields but half fill a single one." 

The fourth house of worship of the First Church, from 1746 to 1804, saw the stormy 
days of the Revolutionary War. The lawn was the camping ground of our forces. Here 
Washington came to review the troops. General Thomas had his headquarters in the 
house long occupied by the eminent teacher, Mr. Dillaway, the gambrel-roofed building 
still standing on Roxbury Street. The steeple was shattered by British cannon-balls. 
And Whitefield preached to one of his immense congregations in front of the church. 

Early in the present century a movement was begun to build a new church, the fifth 
on the historical spot. The records tell us that the committee was to consult the plans of 
the church in Newburyport, then just finished; and the tradition is that Bulfinch, the 
architect of the State House, had something to do with them. Whoever were the archi- 
tect, the builders, and the committee, the result was one of the most satisfactory, commo- 
dious, and beautiful of all the old meeting-houses in New England ; and with its massive 
timbers it gives good promise of fulfilling the purposes of worship for another century. 



First Church and John Ehot 9 

Its fine proportions deceive one as to its great size; while its large, roomy, and comfort- 
able pews, its most gracefully hung and spacious galleries, — above all, its perfect acoustic 
properties, in such marked contrast with almost all modern churches, — and the simplicity 
of its whole finish, together with the associations of devotion for almost a hundred years, 
make every one feel at once that this is no hall, no lecture platform, but a church of the 
living God, fragrant with the sentiment of worship for generations. The house was dedi- 
cated on the 7th of June, 1804; and the first Sunday services were held on the lOth of 
June. Fortunately, all schemes of remodelling, by which many old churches have been 
defaced, if not ruined, have always been defeated here by a wiser judgment. There was 
a good deal of objection on the part of some to so costly and elegant a structure, as is 
shown by a note in a private journal, which, under date of April 18, 1803, says: "This 
day the meeting-house in the first parish of this town was begun to be pulled down. It 
was not half worn out, and might have been repaired with a saving of ;^ 10,000 to the 
parish. It has been sold for $600. Whether every generation grows wiser or not, it is 
evident they grow more fashionable and extravagant." 

But the church knew what it was about ; and, when the sale of pews took place in 
the new house, after all the building expenses were settled, there was a surplus of nearly 
$S,ooo, which was divided pro rata among the tax-payers of the parish, and from that time 
until the present the church has not had a cent of debt. 

When the first settlers came to this neighborhood, they found their way for a few 
months to the church which had already been gathered in Dorchester ; but in 163 1 they 
formed their own church, under the lead of William Pynchon, of whom the record says, in 

1630, " He was one of the first foundation of the church at Rockesborough " ; and perhaps 
the church was gathered in that year, for Eliot came in 163 1, and before he left England 
he had promised friends who had preceded him to be their minister in Roxbury. How- 
ever, we have not been accustomed to speak of our church as established at an earlier 
date than 163 1. In July, 1632, Thomas Welde was invested with the pastoral care of the 
church in Roxbury. In November of the same year, John Eliot was ordained as teacher 
with him. No matter how small the parish, it was customary to have pastor and teacher ; 
but very often it was hard to separate their offices and duties. 

John Eliot, the apostle to the Indians, is the most commanding figure among all the 
nonconformists of England who came to this country for freedom of worship. His name 
and ministry are the glory of our church, as they would be of any church in Chris- 
tendom ; and his life is one about which every young person should know something. He 
was born in 1604, at Widford-upon-Ware, a typical English village not far from London, 
educated at Jesus College, Cambridge, and for a time was an inmate of the house of 
Thomas Hooker, afterward the founder of the State of Connecticut. His early years 
were, as he says, "seasoned with the fear of God, the Word, and prayer" ; and in the 
family of the pious Hooker he " saw, as never before, the power of godliness in its lovely 
vigor and efficacy." The struggle between the Puritans and the English Church was 
growing so bitter that Eliot made up his mind to come to this country; and in November, 

163 1, he arrived at Boston. In spite of the earnest desire of the church in Boston, which 
had been gathered in 1630, to settle him as its minister, he determined to keep his promise 
to his friends at Roxbury; and here he began in 1632 his long, eventful, and remarkable 
ministry. He watched over his flock, small indeed, but rapidly increasing, hke a faithful 
shepherd. The atmosphere of every home was well known, and any lapsing brother or 



lo First Qiurch and John Eliot 

sister was brought to the open confessional or banished from the settlement. No papal 
inquisition was ever keener than the Puritan's watch for heresy or for sin, but a tender 
love was mingled with the careful scrutiny. If you read between the lines of his records, 
you see what a yearning sympathy breathed in all his official or private ministry. Here 
was a man to whom the unseen things of the Spirit were more real than all that could be 
handled or touched. In homes where he was a familiar and welcome guest, he would 
say : " Come, let us not have a visit without prayer. Let us pray down the blessing of 
Heaven upon your family before we part." Finding a merchant with only books of 
business upon his table and books of devotion upon a shelf, he said : " Sir, here is earth 
on the table and heaven on the shelf. Pray don't sit so much at the table as altogether 
to forget the shelf. Let not earth, by any means, thrust heaven out of your mind." 
Mather says he heard him utter these words upon the text, "Our conversation is in 
heaven " : " In the morning, if we ask. Where am I to be to-day ? our souls must answer. 
In heaven : in the evening, if we ask, Where have I been to-day .' our souls may answer, 
In heaven. If thou art a believer, thou art no stranger to heaven while thou livest, and, 
when thou diest, heaven will be no stranger to thee : no, thou hast been there a thousand 
times before." Here comes out in his record the stern hope of the church about erring 
brethren who publicly confess their wrong in the church : " And we have come to hope 
that the full proceeding of discipline will doe more good than theire sin hath hurt." And 
here is his watchfulness over the morals of trade : " The wife of William Webb, she fol- 
lowed baking, and through her covetuous mind she made light waight, after many admo- 
nishions flatly denying that, after she had weighed her dough, she never nimed off bitts 
from each loaf, which yet was four witnesses testified to be a comon, if not a practis, for 
all which grose sins she was excommunicated. But afterward she was reconciled to the 
church, lived Christianly, and dyed comfortably." He had also the first Sunday-school in 
the New World ; and his interest in education led to his founding our Latin School, now 
for two centuries and a half one of the best fitting schools for our neighboring university. 

It was, however, as the apostle to the Indians that he has honor throughout the 
Christian world. Eliot had hardly begun his work in the ministry here, and mingled with 
the red men whom he saw every day in the village streets or skulking behind the trees as 
he walked along the paths, when the thought came to him that these men, as well as the 
English, were children of God ; and to them also the gospel should be preached. He be- 
lieved — and it was not an uncommon opinion in his day — that these Indians belonged 
to the lost tribes of Israel ; and he also believed that in their language he would find some 
traces of the Hebrew, which Eliot believed was the language of heaven by which God 
had spoken to Israel. We cannot here trace that wonderful missionary life ; but no 
human labors were ever more earnest, devoted, and self-sacrificing. In his house, a mod- 
est mansion which stood just back of where the People's Bank now stands, he had an even- 
ing school for the Indians ; and during the week, or when he could have a spare Sunday 
for longer journeys, wherever the Indians could be gathered in wigwams or under the 
spreading trees, down along the Cape, all through Western Massachusetts, and up to the 
borders of New Hampshire, there Eliot was to be found. In journeyings, in perils, in 
fastings, no difficulties seemed too great, no thought of self came to the surface, every 
personal comfort was surrendered, every sacrifice gladly borne; and then he would come 
back, and through the long night, by his tallow candle, give himself to the translation of 
the Scriptures into their language with a diligence which shames almost all records of 








'hRlOR OK THK CHLKCH, LOOKINC TOWARD THE PULPIT. 



First Church and John Eliot 



scholarship. His charity became a proverb, so that Cotton Mather says, " He that will 
write of Eliot must write of his charity or say nothing." Thus he labored on until with 
the burden of years he could hardly make his way up to the old meeting-house ; and once, 
with feebleness and weariness, leaning upon the arm of his deacon, he said, "This is 
very like the way to heaven, 'tis up hill : the Lord by his grace fetch us up " ; and, spy- 
ing a bush near by, he added, "and truly there are thorns and briars in the way, too." 
So says one of his biographers : " I might suggest unto the good people of Roxbury some- 
thing for them to think upon as they are going up to the House of the Lord." His mis- 
sionary zeal was not less than Saint Paul's, his charity was as sweet as that of Saint 
Francis d'Assisi, and his whole life a testimony that the call to saintliness has not ceased 
and the possibility of it has not died out. 

Eliot had two colleagues during his long ministry, — Samuel Danforth, 1650-74, and 
Nehemiah Walter, 1688-1750. Danforth died at the early age of forty-eight, yet he had 
become a preacher of some repute and of acknowledged force. Walter's ministry ex- 
ceeded even Eliot's in length. He was one of the most distinguished scholars and 
preachers of New England, and Dr. Chauncy regarded him as one of the most brilliant of 
Americans. There is probably no church in New England where through so long a line 
of preachers the standard of scholarly and pulpit gifts has been so high, and none which 
has had such a proportion of acknowledged leaders in the community. 

Thomas Walter, son of Nehemiah Walter, was his colleague from 171 8 to 1725 ; and 
Oliver Peabody had a very brief ministry, from 1750 to 1752. Then came Amos Adams, 
the patriot minister during the stormy days preceding the Revolutionary War, from 1753 
to 1775. He had a very plain way of telling the people of their sins, so that they grew 
restless under his personal attacks. The unsettled condition of the country during the 
war seems to have reached the church; and there was no minister until 1782, when Dr. 
Porter was ordained. He was an acceptable and devoted pastor for fifty-one years. It 
was during his settlement that a great change in theology swept over the New England 
churches; and Dr. Porter, following the preaching of Dr. Channing, led this church into 
that movement with hardly a dissenting voice. In common with all the Unitarian 
churches of America, it has no creed, regards fidelity to duty as more important and 
saving than assent to a prescribed belief, and accepts the faith of Jesus, holding with him 
that the essential religion is love to God 
and love to man. 

Next to Dr. Porter came the crown 
ing ministry of Dr. Putnam, from 1830 
to 1878. A whole generation treasures 
the sacred inheritance of his word ; and 
by common consent he stands unsur- 
passed, hardly equalled, for impressive 
eloquence among the clergy of New 
England. John Graham Brooks was his 
colleague and successor from 1875 to 
1882, and James De Normandie became 
the minister of the church in 1883. 



James De Normandie. 




-^F- 



TO.MB OF JOHNj ELIOT. 




GILBERT STUART IN ROXBURY. 

jN Roxbury Street just beyond Shawmut Avenue is a large square house, 
built about the beginning of this century by Dr. John Bartlett, and bought 
by Mrs. Robert Hooper (n^e Polly Williams, daughter of John Williams, of 
Roxbury), who came, a widow, from Marblehead, back to her native town, 
and, soon after being settled in Roxbury, married Dr. P. G. Robbins (father of Rev. 
Samuel and Rev. Chandler Robbins). 

This house, originally in the midst of ample grounds, shaded by fruit and other trees, 
and on three sides surrounded by high walls, although in the midst of the then sparsely 
settled town, offered a convenient and delightful home for an artist ; and here Gilbert 
Stuart, the first American portrait painter of his day, lived during the War of 1812, and 
painted many of his best works. 

The house itself, a good specimen of the old Colonial style, merits a brief description. 
It was separated from the main street by a broad yard covered with greensward, which in 
early spring was enamelled with the delicate blossoms of the snowdrop, ornamented with 
flowering shrubs and shaded by noble horse-chestnut trees. Through the centre of the 
house, and opening into the garden behind, ran a spacious hall, with fine Colonial door- 
ways front and rear. After Stuart's residence here the walls of this hall were decorated 
with family portraits, five of them by him. On each side of the hall were large sunny 
rooms with open fireplaces and fine panel work. The parlor on the left, the whole 
length of the house, was hung with beautiful French paper depicting rural and military 
scenes from the works of Horace Vernet. At the further end of the hall, and not in- 
trenching upon its fine proportions, a circular stairway led with broad sweep to a second 
well-lighted hall above, from which on both sides opened chambers. Upon the ground 
floor, in a roomy ell, Stuart set up his studio. In front it looked out upon the street 
across the shady yard, and at the rear into the ample garden with its abundant fruit trees 
and wealth of old-fashioned flowers, including rows of stately lilies which later were used 
to decorate the Fourth of July processions of the Warren Street School children half 
a century ago, so pretty a feature in our Fourth of July celebrations. 

The five portraits which Stuart painted for Mrs. Hooper were one of her first hus- 
band, Robert Hooper, of Marblehead (from a small water-color sketch) ; one of herself 
and her second husband. Dr. P. G. Robbins ; of her mother, Mrs. Mary Sumner Williams, 
a very clever work of art, a stately and benignant old lady in white mob-cap and simple 
black gown ; of Miss Sally Patten, Mrs. Hooper's niece and adopted daughter, a chubby, 
rosy-cheeked child of seven ; and one of her brother, Mr. John Williams, of Boston. 

About this time Stuart painted full length portraits of Commodores Hull and Bain- 
bridge, now in the City Hall, New York. Portraits by him may be found in many of the 
old Roxbury houses and families, amongst them three of Major-general Henry Dearborn, 
a distinguished Revolutionary officer, represented in his uniform, all three portraits of 
great merit and interest, and in possession of the descendants of the hero. The original 



-^R»f) 



;^f^w« '-'¥ 




OUN BAfiTLET? 



JRTRAITS BY GILBERT STUART. 



Gilbert Stuart in Roxbury 13 

portrait has been copied five times by different artists. There is also one of his son, Gen- 
eral H. A. S. Dearborn, collector of the port of Boston, and adjutant-general of the State 
of Massachusetts, and one of Mrs. Dearborn, one of Governor Eustis, of Captain Aaron 
Davis, of Dr. John Bartlett, his wife and two daughters, aged sixteen and eighteen. 
While Stuart was painting Maria, the eldest of these daughters, afterward Mrs. Dwight, 
some one commented on the drapery, to which Stuart replied : " I don't want people to 
look at my pictures, and say, ' How beautiful the drapery is ! ' The face is what I care 
about." 

Mrs. Dwight says : " His anecdotes were always droll, keeping his sitters in a perpet- 
ual laugh. I remember hearing him say it was to catch the expression, which is one of 
the remarkable qualities in his pictures." She adds : " I remember the snuff-box to suffo- 
cation. I often wondered he could breathe with such a nose full. His young sitters 
would be sure to sneeze under the ordeal." He painted also Mr. and Mrs. Stedman Will- 
iams, in whose house he is said to have at one time resided. This was another of the 
old houses where a few years since might be seen in perfect preservation fine old wall 
paper representing landscapes. 

Stuart had the usual eccentricities of genius, and many anecdotes are told of him. 
He was a lover and student of art from infancy, and early went to England to study under 
Benjamin West, the distinguished American president of the British Royal Academy, 
who treated him with great kindness and favor. It was West who introduced Stuart 
to Dr. Johnson as one who could inform him about American affairs. After talking for 
a while, the worthy doctor with his accustomed bluntness observed that the young man 
spoke good English, and asked him where he had learned it. Something in his manner 
irritated the sensitive young genius ; and he answered, " I can more easily tell you, sir, 
where I have not learned it, and that is from your dictionary ! " Johnson seemed aware 
of his abruptness, and was not offended. Stuart also won the regard and praise of Sir 
Joshua Reynolds. Some one asked that great painter, " Who, Sir Joshua, excepting 
yourself, do you regard as the best portrait painter in England .> " " There is a young 
American artist here named Gilbert Stuart, who is the best head painter in the world, 
not excepting Sir Joshua Reynolds." 

At Stuart's death in 1828, Washington Allston wrote an obituary of him, from 
which we take the following. After speaking of his brilliant d^but and flattering pros- 
pects in England, he says : " But admired and patronized as he was, he chose to return to 
his own country, impelled by a desire to give to Americans a faithful portrait of Washing- 
ton, and thus in some measure to associate his own with the name of the Father of his 
Country ; and well is his ambition justified in the sublime head he has left us. A nobler 
personification of wisdom and goodness, reposing in the majesty of a serene countenance, 
is not to be found on canvas. Well may his country say, a great man has passed from 
amongst us ; but Gilbert Stuart has bequeathed her what is paramount to power — since 
no power can command it — the rich inheritance of his fame." 

Polly R. Hollingsworth. 




THE PUDDING-STONE. 

F all things belonging to Roxbury, nothing is so ancient or so character- 
istic as the pudding-stone. It is everywhere : if not on the surface, a 
little digging will discover it. All the houses are built upon it, and 
some are built out of it. The early settlers were attracted by it, and 
found in it the appropriate name, which should here be spelled Rocks- 
bury. 

This district, however, does not monopolize the rock as it does the 
name. There is a strip of it in the Boston basin about three miles wide and twenty long. 
Geologists have not given it the special attention which residents here might think 
it deserves. It must submit to being classified with conglomerates in general. 

The origin of the pudding-stone is very simply explained by Dr. O. W. Holmes in 
his poem, " The Dorchester Giant." The giant's angry wife and children threw their 
pudding away, and it turned to stone. 

" The suet is hard as a marrow bone, 
And every plum is turned to stone." 

But the scientific explanation must be heeded, even if not so romantic. The conglomerate 
is a stratified rock, not appearing so in itself, but in relation to what is above or below it. 
The pebbles were washed by water into their present shape and deposited in some way, 
such as are the pebbles of a pebbly beach. The sediment filled in about them, and took 
them up into itself, forming a solid rock. Later this formation was interfered with by 
some forces and changed about so as to dip at various angles. In places the scratches of 
glaciers are also to be seen. And, in the disposition of the rocks as they now are, local 
influences have had something to do. 

A noticeable feature of the Roxbury stone is the large size of the pebbles in certain 
sections. Pebbles from six to twelve inches in diameter are common. The texture is 
finer toward the northern and southern borders. One should not fail to notice the narrow 
vertical-walled defiles. The cleavage has been made by a mighty force, about the nature 
of which the doctors disagree. The pebbles are not pulled out of the cement, but are cut 
evenly with the paste. To do this, a shearing motion of some kind is necessary. 

These cleavages and walls, together with fine bowlders and magnificent outcroppings 
of smooth slopes, form the varied scenery which makes Franklin Park so naturally beauti- 
ful and picturesque. The pudding-stone has its freaks, and it gets in the way of builders 
and of city improvements ; but it is a feature whose attractiveness needs to be more ap- 
preciated. And it is a satisfaction to know that the park will preserve some of it 
undisturbed. 

Henrv T. Secrist. 



THE ROXBURY LATIN SCHOOL. 
An Historical Sketch. 

MN the history of education in this country Roxbury has, and will always have, 
an honorable place ; for it enjoys the distinction of possessing the third oldest 
institution of learning in the United States. The ancient name of the school, 
now for more than half a century popularly called the " Roxbury Latin 
School," was the " Roxburie Free Schoole." The name under which it was incorporated 
in 1787, "The Grammar School," one never hears and seldom sees. 

Our old school was erected as a free school in 1645, under an agreement by more 
than sixty freeholders, representing nearly the entire population of Roxbury, by which 
they bound their " houses, fields, orchards, gardens, out-houses, and homesteads " to pay 
certain rents forever for the maintenance of the school. From that day to this, a period 
of two hundred and fifty-four years, the school has remained a " free schoole " for Roxbury, 
and never has the town raised a dollar by public taxation for its support. This distinction, 
that it has always been maintained, as it was founded, by private bounty, is, perhaps, more 
noteworthy than that the only predecessors of the school were the Boston Latin School 
and Harvard College. 

The object of the founders was a noble one, and is set forth in the preamble to their 
agreement. They founded the school " in consideration of theire relligeous care of pos- 
teritie " and of the necessity of " the education of theire children in Literature to fitt 
them for public service, both in Churche and Commonwealthe, in succeeding ages." The 
Roxbury fathers meant that religious teaching should go hand in hand with academic 
training. They were Puritans, founding a Puritan institution, and to them religion and 
education seemed inseparable. 

Founded for the children of the donors the school nevertheless almost from its 
beginning received the children of poor non-contributors, and gave them gratuitous in- 
struction. It was, therefore, natural and fitting that in a legislative document it should 
be referred to as a " charitable " as well as a " pious worke." The only assessments ever 
made were for " fire money," in lieu of " half a cord of good, merchantable wood, except 
such as for poverty or otherwise shall be acquitted by the Feoffees " ; and the penalty 
which the feoffees imposed on delinquents was that the master "suffer no such children 
to have the benefit of the fire." 

As early as 1666 "the Roxburie Free Schoole" was called the "Towne Schoole," 
though the town did nothing for its maintenance. After 1670, if not before, it was "a 
public grammar school in every particular except its management by a private board of 
feoffees or trustees instead of by town or city school committees, and its maintenance by 
private endowment instead of by public funds." 

Of the founders and promoters of the institution the most eminent was "the apostle," 



i6 The Roxbury Latin School 

John Eliot. "It was," says Cotton Mather, "his perpetual resolution and activity to 
support a good school in the town that belonged to him." But to Thomas Bell belongs 
the first place among the benefactors of our school. He was one of the founders of the 
school, and after his return to England bequeathed all his lands in Roxbury, more than a 
hundred and fifty acres, to the Roxbury school. 

How much one would like to know what subjects were studied in the early days, 
what were the methods of instruction, what was the achievement ! Alas ! a thick cloud, 
with only here and there a rift, hides, and forever will hide, almost everything from our 
eyes. There is some indirect evidence ; but for this short and rapid sketch the reader 
must be content with those oft-quoted words of Cotton Mather, containing the most 
splendid compliment ever bestowed upon a school. " God so blessed his [Eliot's] endeav- 
ors that Roxbury could not live quietly without a free school in the town ; and the 
issue of it has been one thing which has almost made me put the title of schola illuslris 
upon that little nursery, — that is, that Roxbury has afforded more scholars, first for the 
college and then for the public, than any town of its bigness, or, if I mistake not, of twice 
its bigness, in all New England. From the spring of the school at Ro.xbury there has 
been a large number of the streams which have made glad this whole city of God." 

Space forbids the mention of more than one name among the trustees of earlier days. 
Of the Lowell family, three generations were represented on the board of governors by 
men who contributed conspicuously to the prosperity of the school. Three eminent 
names of recent date must not be passed by: Rev. Dr. George Putnam for fifty years, as 
president, guided the counsels of the trustees ; Rev. Dr. Edward Everett Hale gave in- 
spiring service for almost a quarter of a century ; and Charles K. Dillaway was for more 
than forty years the faithful secretary of the board. Mr. Dillaway crowned his service by 
writing a history of the school. May our school live and prosper as long as these three 
names shall be remembered ! 

In Mr. Dillaway's history we read the names of more than a hundred masters. 
Among them are Joseph Warren, who fell gloriously at Bunker Hill ; Increase Sumner, 
later governor; and others eminent afterward in different walks of life. We do not 
know who may have distinguished themselves as schoolmasters or scholars down to a 
recent date. Charles Short, master in 1847, apparently began a revival of learning. But 
to Augustus H. Buck belongs the honor of raising the scholarship of the school to a high 
standard. 

From the time of Mr. Short's brief reign our school has been known chiefly as a 
fitting school for college, especially for Harvard ; but its aim and scope have by no 
means been limited to satisfying college entrance requirements. Its six years' course is 
designed to give boys from twelve to eighteen years of age the best training for college 
and for life. 

Within a few years there has been a revival of the old-time generosity to the Latin 
School. The bequests of Miss Anna Cabot Lowell of ;?6,ooo, of Mr. Edward C. R. Walker 
of ;^20,ooo, and of Mrs. Caroline Guild of ^10,000, testify to the esteem and affection in 
which the school is held, and will materially increase its possibilities of useful service to 
the community. 

In 1895 the Latin School celebrated its two hundred and fiftieth anniversary. 
"Merely to live," said Mr. De Normandie, "for two hundred and fifty years is a claim upon 
our respect ; but, when it is two hundred and fifty years of useful work for humanity, ever 




>\BLR^ HICH SCHO(JL 



The Roxbury Latin School 17 

opening into larger opportunities, responsibilities, and purposes, respect turns into ven- 
eration." 

The old traditions have been cherished and preserved. Though time has brought 
changes in the ideals of education, it can be truly said that the spirit of the founders has 
guided the policy and practice of the " Roxbury Free School " through more than two 
centuries and a half. 

William C. Collar. 



SANTA GLAUS. 

OH, let the hction stand, 1 pray. 
Nor hoi:s>-holds rob of any joy 
The quail'' and rosy wizard brings. 
With all his fun and pretty things 
To bless expectant girl and boy 
And brighten childhood's Christmas Day ; 
For higher than the chimney tops 
The legend will their fancy lift 
Where every good and perfect gift 
Grows on the tree of life, and drops 
In season for our sorest need ; 
Whence, swifter than with reindeer speed. 
Ten thousand angels fly apace 
To fill all hearts with Christmas grace. 
Iconoclasts, in pity pause. 
And spare our good old Santa Claus ! 

Alhert H. Plumh. 




FAMOUS MEN OF ROXBURY. 

HE limits assigned for this article are altogether inadequate to do 
justice to the men of Roxbury who have a right to be called 
"famous." Brief mention of a very few is all that can be expected. 
Fortunately, the greatest one of all, John Eliot, is treated else- 
where in this volume. 

William Pvnchon (i 589-1661) has been called "the prin- 
cipal founder of Rocksbury ; that is, he was the first member who 
joined in forming the Congregational church there." "He was chosen an Assist- 
ant yearely so long as he lived among us," being "a man of learning and piety." 
In 1636 he led a party to the Connecticut River, where he founded the town of 
Springfield. Having in 1650 incurred the displeasure of the magistrates and 
clergy of the province by the publication of a " heretical " work, he soon after 
returned to England, where he died. 

Thomas Dudley (1576-1652) was instrumental in procuring the charter of 
the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1628. He came in 1630 as deputy governor 
with Winthrop, and was governor in 1634, 1640, 1645, and 1650. He had served as cap- 
tain in the army, and led his company at the siege of Amiens, where the English assisted 
King Henry IV. He was a man of ability and integrity, but very intolerant in religion. 
He took a prominent part in the persecution and banishment of Roger Williams and 
Anne Hutchinson. His daughter Anne, who married Governor Bradstreet, is noted as 
the first New England poetess. 

Joseph Dudley (1647-1720), son of Thomas, was born in Roxbury. He had 
a varied and somewhat checkered career. A man of brilliant parts and unbounded 
ambition, he served his country in various capacities, — as member of the General Court, 
one of the commissioners for the United Colonies (1677-81), president of New England 
(1685-86), president of the Council, and chief justice of the Supreme Court (16S7-89), 
chief justice of New York (1691-92), lieutenant governor of the Isle of Wight (1694- 
1702), member of Parliament (1701), and governor of Massachusetts from 1702 to 1715. 
Accepting office under the oppressive government of Andros (1687-89), he fell into bad 
odor among his countrymen, and on the overthrow of that government was seized and 
thrown into jail, and kept in confinement for nearly nine months. His unpopularity 
continued for some time after he returned from England as governor in 1702 ; but such 
were his skill and address in winning over his enemies that the latter part of his term 
was spent in ease and tranquillity. He was a scholar as well as a politician, and did 
much to promote the interests of Harvard College. By his will he left ;^5o to the 
"Roxbury School" for the support of a Latin master. 

Paul Dudley (1675-175 i), son of Joseph, was graduated from Harvard College in 
1690, studied law at the Temple in London, and returned with his father in 1702 as attor- 
ney-general of Massachusetts. In 1718 he became a justice of the Supreme Court, and 
in 1745 was made chief justice. He was a man of eminent talents, a thorough and 




Hsit Cberiezei' SoAvet'' 



Hsii.WillieyiiiWiuTiug 




Qea.H.JI.S.'Deev.pbern. 




Courte5i( 0) Houghton. Mifflin &Co, 

>A/illiAm Pyiiehsjn,. 



Paul Dudley. 




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Gen.WiUiiXm Mewh 




Jldiiiipal Wiiislsvv. 




Ooii. Jsseph Warren. 



HsiiWilliiMn Qev^teii. 



Famous Men of Roxbury 19 

accomplished lawyer, a powerful and eloquent speaker. He was Fellow of the Royal 
Society of London, and published papers on the natural history of New England, also on 
the weather, and on the great earthquake of Oct. 29, 1727. He left a fund for the " Dud- 
leian lectures" at Harvard College. Paul Dudley has the almost unique distinction 
of having taken his degree at Harvard at the early age of fifteen. The late Rev. A. P. 
Peabody, D.D., alone shares this distinction with him. 

William Dudley (1686-1743), also son of Joseph, and hardly less conspicuous than 
his brother Paul, was a man of brilliant talents, which he exercised both in civil and 
military life. At the age of twenty he was sent on a most important and delicate mission 
to Canada, to negotiate an exchange of prisoners. 

Joseph Warren (1741-75). This name stands first among the famous names 
of the Revolutionary period. No one was more active, zealous, and influential than 
Joseph Warren in the proceedings that culminated in the battles of April 19 and June 17, 
1775, the siege of Boston, and the Declaration of Independence. "He wrote for the 
public journals, worked zealously in the public and private meetings of the patriots, and 
soon became a leader whose fervid oratory and tireless activity, together with his personal 
popularity, made him the peer of Samuel Adams and Josiah Quincy, Jr., as well as the idol 
of the people." But his career was cut short by a British musket-ball at Bunker Hill. 
A monument will some day be erected to his memory near his birthplace on Warren 
Street. 

Closely associated with the name of Warren are the Roxbury names of William 
^ Heath (1737-1814) and Joseph Williams (1708- 

/^^^ 98). General Heath, though a farmer, was a 

f ^^ S^^^,^M^^^^^^^ student of military science, and was prominent in 

/fCi^^U'^^^^^^^l^m ^^^ organization of the minute-men, which placed 

li'/K^i 'tf/^ ff^^^S^^~^ ^"^^ colony on a war footing. He was the only gen- 
'^ y^. .laiS.'j,'^ ' «^^^^ ^'■^1 officer present at the fight on the 19th of 

nt^^^^t^-^--^ ^y~^ i __ _=~^ April, 1775. He was highly esteemed by Wash- 

ington, and rendered good service throughout the 
war, chiefly in command of important posts. He 
was a member of the Constitutional Convention in 
178S, State senator in 1791-92, and Judge of Probate from 1793 to 1814. 

Colonel Joseph Williams had served in the French War, and is said to have been the 
only man present at the Lexington battle who had ever before been under fire. During 
his long life he occupied many positions of trust, being selectman, moderator of town 
meetings, member of the General Court, and clerk of the First Parish. 

John Greaton (1741-S3) was another native of Roxbury who was a valuable and 
efficient officer all through the war. Washington recognized his abilities, and intrusted 
him with many important and delicate commissions that required military and admin- 
istrative talents of a high order. He was made brigadier-general in 1783. 

Increase Sumner (1746-99) was born in Roxbury, fitted for college in the "Rox- 
bury Grammar School," and after leaving college was master of the school for two years. 
Subsequently he became a lawyer, represented the town in the General Court, and the 
county in the Senate, and for fifteen years was Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of 
the United States. He was three times elected governor of Massachusetts, and died 
while holding that office. His son, William H. Sumner, was a man of prominence and 
distinction. 



20 Famous Men of Roxbory 

John Lowell (1743-1802), eminent as a lawyer and statesman, came to Roxbury in 
1785. In 1789 he was appointed a judge of the District Court of Massachusetts. He 
was active in town affairs, and particularly useful to the "Grammar School." His son, 
John Lowell (1769- 1840), a lawyer and public-spirited citizen of Roxbury, became widely 
known as a vigorous writer on politics and agriculture. Another son, Charles Lowell, 
was a well-known minister of Boston, and father of James Russell Lowell. A third son, 
Francis Cabot Lowell, was one of the founders of the city of Lowell, and father of John 
Lowell, founder of the Lowell Institute. 

Henry A. S. Dearborn (1783-185 i), son of General Henry Dearborn of Revolution- 
ary fame, occupied a prominent position in public affairs for many years during the first 
half of the present century. He was collector of the port of Boston from 1812 to 1829, 
representative and senator in the General Court, member of the Governor's Council, 
member of Congress in 1831-33, adjutant-general of Massachusetts from 1833 to 1843, 
and mayor of Roxbury from 1847 till his death in 185 1. He was the first president of 
the Massachusetts Horticultural Society. He was one of the chief promoters of Mt. 
Auburn Cemetery, and was the originator of Forest Hills Cemetery, " which his genius 
planned, and which his taste adorned," and where his ashes repose. 

Ebenezer Seaver (1763-1844) stands as a type of Roxbury's best citizenship. Here 
were his birthplace and his home, and the home of his ancestors from the first settlement 
of the town. He was repeatedly elected to positions of trust and responsibility in the 
town, was a member of the General Court for many years, member of Congress five terms, 
and a member of the State Constitutional Convention in 1820. Though a graduate of 
Harvard College, he did not enter any of the learned professions, but devoted himself in 
preference to the cultivation of his ancestral farm, in which pursuit he was very success- 
ful, particularly in the line of fruit culture. 

John Warren (1753-1815), "a distinguished physician and anatomist," professor of 
anatomy at the Harvard Medical School, was a brother of General Joseph Warren. His 
son. Dr. John C. Warren (1768-1856), "one of the most distinguished surgeons that 
this country has produced," succeeded his father in the Harvard professorship. He had 
his country-seat in Roxbury. It was he who built the memorial cottage on the site of the 
birthplace of his father and uncle. 

John A. Winslow (181 i- 1873) was for many years a resident of Roxbury. Kear- 
sarge Avenue, on which was his home, was named in his honor from the steam-sloop 
" Kearsarge," which he commanded in its famous fight with the Confederate cruiser "Ala- 
bama," June 19, 1864. The sinking of the "Alabama," and the capture of sixty-five pris- 
oners, with a loss of only three out of one hundred and sixty-three officers and men, was 
a brilliant achievement, for which he was promoted to the rank of commodore, and after- 
ward to that of rear-admiral. His monument at Forest Hills is a granite bowlder taken 
from Mt. Kearsarge and presented by the State of New Hampshire. 

William Raymond Lee (1804-91), who studied at West Point (1825), served in the 
engineer corps, U.S.A., for a number of years. Returning to civil life, he was engaged 
in the survey of the Boston & Providence Railroad, and became its first superintendent. 
In July, i86i, he was commissioned colonel of the Twentieth Massachusetts Infantry. At 
the unfortunate battle of Ball's Bluff he was taken prisoner, and for some months was 
confined in Richmond jail as a hostage for certain Confederate privateers. After his 
release he rejoined his regiment, was present in the " Seven Days' Battles " in June 1862, 



Famous Men of Roxbury 21 

and later at Antietam and Fredericksburg. He was brevetted brigadier-general of vol- 
unteers " for distinguished conduct at Antietam and for gallant and meritorious service 
during the war." 

High on the list of benefactors of their country in the Civil War stands the name of 
William Whiting (1813-73). Probably his name is not so widely known as it would 
have been if his services had been in the field rather than in the domain of law, but they 
were no less important or necessary. As solicitor of the War Department from November, 
1862, to the end of the war, for which services he declined all payment, he succeeded in 
unravelling a multitude of knotty problems, which but for him would have caused infinite 
confusion and difficulty. His work on the " War Powers under the Constitution," of 
which forty-three editions were printed, "contributed more than any other single agency 
to the solution of many of these difficult questions." He was elected to Congress in 1872, 
but did not live to take his seat in that body. 

William Gaston (1820-94) came to Roxbury in 1838. He opened a law office here 
in 1846. The esteem in which he was held by his fellow-citizens of Roxbury, of Boston, 
and of the State, is shown in the following record. He was city solicitor of Ro.xbury for 
five years. In 1853, 1854, and 1856 he represented the city in the General Court. He 
was mayor of Roxbury in 1861 and 1862, a member of the Senate in 1868, mayor of 
Boston in 1871 and 1872, and governor of Massachusetts in 1875. 

George Putnam, D.D. (1807-78), minister of the First Church from 1830 to 1878, 
stands easily first as an impressive and eloquent preacher among the eminent ministers 
who have occupied that pulpit. Aside from his extraordinary power and influence as a 
pulpit orator and occasional public speaker, his usefulness in other fields was very marked. 
He was a member of the Constitutional Convention of 1853, of the Electoral College that 
re-elected Abraham Lincoln President of the United States in 1864, of the General Court 
in 1870 and 1871, chairman of the School Committee, president of the trustees of the 
Roxbury Latin School, and member of the Corporation of Harvard College. 

Benjamin E. Cotting, M.D. (1812-97), came to Roxbury in 1843 after practising 
his profession in Boston for a few years, and continued in active practice for more than 
half a century. He took great interest in everything that promised to advance the science 
of medicine. The first experiments in this country with chloroform as an anaesthetic were 
made at his house. He wrote many valuable papers for the press. Nor did he confine 
his activities to his chosen profession. For fifty-five years he was curator of the Lowell 
Institute of Boston. An intimate friend of Professor Agassiz, he accompanied that gentle- 
man in his expedition to Brazil. He was a trustee of the Latin School. 

Many authors of distinction have resided in Roxbury. Samuel G. Goodrich (1793- 
1863), a prolific writer of books for the young under the pen name of "Peter Parley" ; 
Lucius Manlius Sargent (1786-1867), author of "Temperance Tales," "Dealings with 
the Dead, by a Sexton of the Old School," and other works; Epes Sargent (1812-80), 
author of many valuable educational and other works and editor of the New York Mirroi 
and Boston Evening Transcripi ; Samuel G. Drake (1798-1875), historian and anti- 
quarian; Francis S. Drake (1828-85), author of "The Town of Ro.xbury: Its Memo- 
rable Persons and Places"; William A. Wheeler (1833-74), editor of Webster's and 
Worcester's Dictionaries, "Dictionary of the Noted Names of Fiction," and "The 
Dickens Dictionary," noted also both in this country and in England as a Shakespearian 
scholar. 



22 Famous Men of Roxbury 

Not to be forgotten is the name of William Lloyd Garrison, who made Roxbury 
his home for many years, about whom it would be superfluous to write a single word to 
men of this generation. 

Many other men, living and dead, deserve a place in this record ; but the limitations 
of space are imperative. Let the foregoing be regarded merely as specimens of Roxbury's 
famous men. 

Moses Grant Daniell. 



SELECTIONS FROM "BEYOND THE GRAVE. 




O my own mind, when I look in the direction of the future, one 
picture always rises, — a picture of ravishing beauty. Its essence 
I believe to be true. Its accidents will be more glorious than all 
that my imagination puts into it. It is that of a soul forever grow- 
ing in knowledge, in love, in holy endeavor ; that of a vast com- 
munity of spirits moving along a pathway of light, of ever-expand- 
ing excellence and glory ; brightening as they ascend, becoming 
more and more like the unpicturable pattern of infinite perfection ; 
loving with an ever-deepening love; glowing with an ever-increasing fervor; rejoicing in 
ever-advancing knowledge ; growing in glory and power. They are all immortal. There 
are no failures or reverses to any of them. Ages fly away : they soar on with tireless 
wing. 

I am one of that immortal host. Death cannot destroy me. I shall live when stars 
grow dim with age. The advancing and retreating aeons shall not fade my immortal 
youth. 



Immortality proves itself to me in a very easy and natural way. I feel that I was 
made to complete things. Perfection is the heritage with which my Creator has endoweil 
me ; and, since this short life does not give completeness, I must have immortal life in 
which to find it. Short of completeness, the human spirit, in its normal temper, feels 
mysterious influences drawing it toward a natural destiny of perfection, in which it can 
find all that is lacking here. This yearning after perfection and completeness is the 
soul's prophecy of its own immortality. 

Randolph S. Foster. 



HALLOWED BE THY NAME! 



ST. ANSELM 




Be-foreThy love un-bound-ed, O Lord of Love, we bow; And, oflspring of Thy 

And, off- 




The gifts which Thou hast gi' 

' J-.-J ^-\ ^- 



en-der. Lord, to Thee. 



Before Thy love unbounded, O Lord of Love, we bow ; 
And, offspring of Thy Spirit, implore its presence now. 
Thy gift of life, how wondrous ! how bountiful and free ! 
The gifts which Thou hast given, we render. Lord, to Thee. 

By laws sublime and holy the heavens thy will perform ; 
And earth-born powers obey Thee, alike in calm or storm. 
Beyond our mortal shadows Thy light and mercy shine ; 
Withholding or unfolding, Thy work is all divine. 



Were Thine unclouded glory to eye of flesh made known. 
We could not bear the brightness ; we walk by faith alone. 
O Lord, with Thee communing, may holier vision grow, 
L'ntil Thy love unchanging illumine all we know ! 

Theodore C. Williams. 




ROXBURY IN 1775. 

_ jiia _ ajHEY were strange days for the little town. Remember that it was still a very 
mt^Cc^ y^ii^e town. The Neck, the "lower road to Dorchester," the "upper road to 
Dorchester," the road to Cambridge and Connecticut, the road to Dedhani 
and Rhode Island, which took Jamaica Plain by the way, — these were the 
only streets in Roxbury which the happy selectmen of those days had to maintain. But 
the little town had a very important part to play before the enemy were put to flight for 
the first time. Hostibus primo fiigatis, the Washington gold medal says, — fiigatis, put 
to flight by a little army which marched from Roxbury. 

The population of the town was, I suppose, about a thousand people, including those 
who lived in West Roxbury and Jamaica Plain. The valuation of the town, on which it 
paid its State taxes, is said to have been sixty thousand dollars. I suppose the teaspoons 
in the town to-day are worth more than that. 

A gentleman, who is not older than he was when he told me the story, told me that 
his grandfather was keeping the Roxbury Latin School on the morning when they heard 
Lord Percy's band playing, as Percy's column of relief passed over Boston Neck on its 
way to Lexington. The band, by the way, was playing " Yankee Doodle," in derision. 
It was Mr. Joseph Williams who was the master of the school ; and, when he heard the 
music, he said to the boys that school was done. I think he did not say when it would 
begin again. An hour and a half before, John Lovell had said in Boston : " Boys, war's 
begun and school's done. Demittite libros." The Roxbury boys were not displeased. 
They gathered up their books, I suppose, and went their way. Williams locked the door 
of the school-room, carried the key to the chairman of the trustees, and then joined his 
company in the Roxbury militia who were engaged with the rest through the day. And 
he remained in the Continental Army for seven years. 

As for Percy, he, with his men and his " Yankee Doodle," went up what we call 
Roxbury Street and down to the place where the arches now span the road, on his way to 
Cambridge. As he was passing where the Sisters' house is now, or somewhere in that 
neighborhood, he was so annoyed by the jeering and hooting of a boy who watched them 
that he sent an orderly for the boy, and asked him why he was making all that noise, and 
why he did not show more respect to the king's troops. The boy said, " You go out to 
' Yankee Doodle,' but you'll come back to ' Chevy Chase.' " Percy remembered very well 
the last lines of the ballad of " Chevy Chase," — 

•■ The child that is iiuboin siiall rue 
The hunting; of that day." 

And it is said that he carried the memory of the boy's prophecy through the day with him. 
This incident has given to the day the name of the " New England Chevy Chase." 

The next day the minute-men had marched in from all parts of New Hampshire, 
Western Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island ; and Ward, the highest officer in 
command of the militia, took command of them. With great prom[)tness he fixed his 



Roxbury in 1775 25 

headquarters at Cambridge, his left wing extended as far as Charlestown Neck, and his 
right wing stationed here. Very soon after he placed John Thomas in command here : 
and Thomas's headquarters were established, where our venerable friend, Mrs. Dillaway, 
now lives, in the parsonage of the First and only church. This spot is to be marked, I am 
glad to say, by the Sons of the Revolution, by an appropriate tablet. 

Here are a few notes on the military proceedings here, which I take from the diary 
of my grandfather's brother, Nathan Hale, who was first a lieutenant and afterward a 
captain in one of the Connecticut regiments. Old residents of Roxbury will recognize 
some of the places which he speaks of : — 

"Dec. 20th, Wednesday. Went to Roxbury for money left for me by Major Latimer 
with General Spencer, who refused to let me have it without security. Draw'd some 
things from the store. Lieut. Catlin and Ensign Whittlesey set out home on foot. 

"Jan. 27th, Saturday. Breakfasted at Clark's 10 o'clock. Marched about 11 o'clock, 
arrived at Ellis's 5^, where drank a glass of brandy, and proceeded on si to Whitings. 
Arrived 2 o'clock. Arrived at Barker's in Jamaica Plain, but, being refused entertain- 
ment, were obliged to betake ourselves to the Punch Bowl, where leaving the men, 
II M., went to Roxbury. Saw Gen. Spencer, who tho't it best to have the men there, a.s 
the regiment were expected there on Monday or Tuesday. Indians at Gen. Spencer's. 
Returned to Winter Hill. 

"Jan. 28th, Sunday. Went to Roxbury to find barracks for 11 men that came with 
me, but, not finding good ones, returned to Temple's house, where the men were arrived 
before me. In the evening went to pay a visit to General Sullivan with Colonel Webb 
and the captains of the regiment." 

Washington took command at Cambridge at the beginning of July, and Ward 
served as his first major-general. Washington placed Ward at the most important 
point which he had to occupy, here at Roxbury ; and Ward threw up the defences here. 
Where the Universalist church stood till a year or two ago, he pulled down old Gov- 
ernor Dudley's house, which had stood ever since the beginning of the colony, and 
erected a strong work which commanded the Neck, and made it simply impossible for 
any body of men to move out across that passage. 

Ward also built a strong fort — I suppose they would have called it a " place of 
arms," in the language of that day —on the hill above my house. A part of it still re- 
mains, and has recently been put into a sort of military order by the care of the city 
government. The stand-pipe for the supply of water stands nearly in the middle of it. 
I have never thought that anybody really supposed this fort was going to be of a great 
deal of use, but the work upon it gave occupation to the American army all through 
that summer and autumn. It is, however, described in the most amusing way by one 
of the French writers, Hilliard d'Auberteuil, who was writing in sympathy with 
America, so that you would think that it was another Metz or Sebastopol. 

When the fatal 4th of March came, Washington determined to make a critical 
assault, which should end what we call the siege. He placed the matter in Ward's 
hands. Ward gave to Thomas the execution of the plan, and Thomas had the valu- 
able help of Rufus Putnam as engineer in charge. The twelve hundred men were 
silently moved out from Roxbury on the night of the 4th of March. The wheels of 



26 Roxbury in J 773 

the wagons, it is said, were bound with straw to lessen their noise as they went over 
the frosty ground. The men were at work on Dorchester Neck quite early in the 
evening; and in the morning the works were ready behind which, it seemed, another 
battle of Bunker Hill was to be fought. An English despatch of that day says, "They 
were raised with an expedition equal to that of the genii belonging to Aladdin's 
wonderful lamp." Lord Percy was ordered at once to take a strong force down to the 
island and attack these works on their eastern side, which was where they were weak- 
est. Percy did so ; but a tremendous gale prevented his attempt to cross from the island 
for two days, and then the works were too strong to be attacked. All the men remem- 
bered Bunker Hill too well. The English troops retired from Boston, Ward's wing of 
the army was instructed to move to New York, and did so ; and from that time to this 
time Roxbury has never known the presence of a soldier, excepting in a parade of honor 
or as he passed through by rail, perhaps, to distant service. 

Edward E. Hale. 



Extracts from John Eliot's Diary. 



" WZ£ must not sit still and look for viii- 
yy ades. Up and be doing, and the 
Lord will be with thee. Prayer and pains, 
through faith in Christ Jesus, icill do any- 
thing." 

" Free-men ... are bound personally to act, 
in the choice of their publick rulers." 

Mark the severity with which Eliot ap- 
plied his principles of Christianity. His in- 
terpreter, one Toteswamp, an Indian, was a 
ruler among his people, and trusted and ad- 
mired by the English. "Three of the un- 
sound sort . . . had gotten severall quarts of 
Strong-water, . . . and . . . got . . . the son 
of Toteswamp . . . very drunk." " The tid- 
ings sunk my spirits extremely," says Eliot. 
" For one of the offenders (though least in 
the offence) was he that hath been my Inter- 
preter. . . . For this and some other acts of 



Apostacy at this time, I had thoughts of cast- 
ing him off from that work." 

John Eliot, during his apostleship to the 
Indians, was called upon by his devoted fol- 
lowers to answer many questions. Among 
others the following, which apparently ap- 
peared to him and to the Indians to be 
equally serious and important : — 

" If one sleep on the Sabbath at meeting, 
and another awaketh him, and he be angry 
at it, and say, its because he is angry with 
him that he so doth, Is not this a sinne ? " 

" May a good man sin sometimes ? Or 
may he be a good man and yet sin some- 
times ? " 

" You say our body is made of clay, what 
is the Sunne or Moone made of ? " 

"I see why I must feare Hell, and do so 
every day. But why must I feare God ? " 



BEN ADHEM HOUSE. 

Write nie as one that loves his fellow-me 



Ahoii Ben Adhem. 



lli(^^^y'N the fall of 1895 three people, possessed of an ardent longing to be of service 
V^jWv^ to their fellow-men, took up their residence in a part of Roxbury where the 
//yAr\\ '^^^'^ ^'^^ herding together in ever-increasing numbers. A home was made, 
v*^^b^y to which the neighbors were invited, classes were established for the children 
as well as a kindergarten, and Ben Adhem House had begun its work. Does this con- 
sist in dispensing groceries, fuel, clothing, and the like .' In far different ways do the 
devoted workers of the settlement seek to serve the community. They show by actual 
example the beauty of noble living, and aim to bring to higher ideals of manhood and 
womanhood the children who may with such help become law-abiding citizens of the 
Commonwealth. 

The neighbors soon learned that here were real friends, ready to share in their pleas- 
ures, to mourn over their sorrows, to advise the young woman as to the means of liveli- 
hood she should choose, to find work for the widow with several children dependent on 
her, to aid through a branch of the Stamp Savings Society the treasuring of the pennies 
that a bright boy or girl knows how to pick up. 

First among Ben Adhem's beneficent influences stands the kindergarten, where the 
child is so happy all the forenoon, whence he takes into the cheerless home his story and 
song and desire to "help," till that home is made over, and joy and light force their way 
in. There are meetings for the mothers, who talk together about their children, and 
come to feel the sacredness of childhood with new force. There are classes in sloyd, 
where the boy is taught to work off his restless activity in legitimate ways ; classes in 
sewing, in cooking, in drawing and painting (and some wonderfully good results can be 
seen here), in oratory and physical culture, in Shakspere, where the greatest enthusiasm 
is shown. The choral class meets Sunday afternoons. And then there are the " beauti- 
ful parties," that none but the children themselves can adequately describe. 

Ben Adhem House supplements church and school, and has proved itself a power for 
good to the entire community. 

Caroline S. Atherton. 



* I ^HE Roxbury " Rocking Stone," a famous 'T'WO of the original " Bartlett " pear-trees 

-•■ natural curiosity, was located on the ■■■ imported by Captain Brewer are still 

Munroe farm, and may yet be seen in in bearing here (the Bartlett estate on 

the north-west corner of Mr. J. P. Townsend's Dudley Street). This pear, whose size, beauty, 

estate on Townsend Street. Strangers came and excellence entitle it to the high estima- 

from a distance to gaze and wonder, and it tion in which it is everywhere held, origi- 

even attracted scientific observers. This nated about 1770 in England, where it 

bowlder was removed many years since, tra- was known as " Williams's Bonchretien." 

dition says, by old Deacon Munroe, who had When imported, its name was lost, and, hav- 

been so annoyed by visitors to the rock who ing been cultivated and disseminated by Mr. 

trampled down his vegetables that he hired Bartlett, became so universally known as the 

a number of men who with crowbars dis- Bartlett pear that it was found impossible to 

placed it, after great effort, from its original restore its old name. — Drake's "Town of 



position. The stone remains at a distance of Roxbury" 

ten or twelve feet from its old site, but the 
rock has disappeared. 



SOME ROXBURY INSTITUTIONS. 

11 ^ ^^ ^^F one examines a recent map of Boston, he will notice a great green patch be- 
l^ifS ginning in the southern part of Roxbury and extending away south to the 
C/1IK[\ Hyde Park line, and reaching to Centre Street, Jamaica Plain, on the west 
f/ O^^^ i and the New England tracks in Dorchester on the east. 

The green color indicates open country, and it includes the Franklin 
Park, the Arnold Arboretum, the Franklin Field, with connecting parkways, the three 
ctmeteries, — Forest Hills, Mount Hope, and Calvary, — and the grounds of the Boston 
Insane Hospital. Here we have nearly two square miles of open country where the 
land-owners may not lay out streets nor the speculator erect dwellings. Bordering this 
tract, within the limits of old Roxbury are two unique charities, private institutions, the 
Cullis Consumptives' Home and the Home for Aged Couples. 

Grove Hall as it was known for many years, or the Cullis Consumptives' Home, 
the Orphan Home, and the Spinal Home, lies at the meeting of Washington street and 
Blue Hill Avenue. The old buildings were destroyed recently, and the homes are now 
in new attractive buildings on the original tract of eleven acres. Grove Hall, originally 
a hotel, later a sanatorium, was taken by Dr. Cullis in 1871 for his homes for most needy 
classes who were not acceptable to the other numerous hospitals or homes in our 
metropolis. Here the lingering consumptive is received without question as to age, 
color, or creed, and tenderly ministered to. Here the so called " spinal cases," many 
of whom are destined to require patient nursing for many long, weary years, find an 
escape from the almshouse. 

This charity, like Mr. Midler's in England, adopted for its motto. " F""aith in God," 
which it has placed over the door in bold letters. The earnest and kind workers rely 
upon no endowment, but believe their aid comes in answer to prayer; and upon that they 
depend for daily expenses. The homes are as attractive inside as they are outside, and 
a visitor must admit that they meet a most urgent need of the community in a most 
satisfactory way. 

The Home for Aged Couples is on Walnut Avenue, opposite the north-western 
corner of Franklin Park. This unusual charity aims to correct a hardship formerly 
met in connection with the more familiar Homes for Aged Men and Old Ladies' 
Homes. Here the founders have provided against the separation of aged couples, when 
in their declining years they must leave their homes. They now care for seventy 
l^eople in two attractive buildings. 

Some forty or fifty years ago a well-to-do lawyer of Boston developed a tract of 
land in the extreme north-east corner of West Roxbury, and made a garden spot of 
what nature had left to man as a swamp. Three artificial ponds of generous propor- 
tions were excavated and walled about. Thousands of tons of the native Roxbury 
pudding-stone were dragged to the limits of the farm, and a most substantial wall 
built around the domain, fully a mile in length. The fine hardwood trees which so 
richly covered the tract were not sufficient for this gentleman's taste ; and to them he 
added many foreign trees, as the black walnut, tupelo, magnolia, and mulberry. The 
ponds were populated with numerous wild fowl and swans. On the southern slope of 
the knoll overlooking the meadow was one of the most notable pear orchards about 
JJoston. The persistent labor and energy were rewarded, and Mr. Arthur W. Austin 
had one of the most beautiful suburban residences about old Boston. Here Mr. 
Austin used to entertain his friend, Mr. Jefferson Davis, in a>itc-belluni days. 

Soon after West Roxbury was annexed to Boston, Mr. Austin moved over the 
line into Milton, and once more attempted the laborious process of making a home. 



Some Roxbory Institutions 29 

Some well-known philanthropists of our city conceived the idea that the city's 
unfortunate poor would be appropriately cared for in these suburban estates, and the 
Austin Farm was bought for a home for ten score women. This experiment was tried 
for a little better than ten years, when the plea of economy resulted in a consolidation 
of our pauper institutions ; and a large home was built on an island in the harbor. 

The residents of the " poor-farm " were probably not of the class the philanthropists 
planned for in their kindly dream. 

A more practical use was found for the city's beautiful estate in taking it in 1887 
for the unfortunate insane, first merely as an annex to the main hospital, then at 
City Point. Eight years later, the new buildings having been erected on the Austin 
property and on adjoining land purchased on Walk Hill Street, the old hospital building 
at South Boston was surrendered to its neighbor, the House of Correction, and the 
patients were all removed to the new location. The Boston Insane Hospital now cares 
for between five and six hundred, and receives a new patient each day. 

Boston has been so busy with her cares, and her growth has been so rapid, that she 
has neglected to provide buildings for her insane, and only one-third of those who are 
entitled to her care can be received in her own hospital ; and, doubtless, the whole tract 
of land lying east of the Franklin Park and Forest Hills Cemetery will soon be devoted to 
the uses of the hospital, with buildings for 1,500 patients, and sufficient land for exercise 
and tillage. 

The insane and their friends appreciate this beautiful location, and no more suitable 
one could be found near the city. 

The hospital is a home for many years for a large number who spend from five to fifty 
years in it. It is also a hospital for the very sick insane, who are restored to health and 
reason. Then, too, it is a haven for the most distressing cases that no other hospital 
will receive, who are such a burden to themselves and others until death releases them. 
Many of these have done no fault, unless it be to elude death until they reach the age of 
eighty or ninety ; and, when the brain fails to do its duty, they must be cared for while 
they lead a mere animal existence. 

The old Roxbury Almshouse, situated on Marcella Street near Highland Street, has 
continued to be used as an institution until within a few months, when it was abandoned ; 
and the property is now for sale. In 1876 it was first used as a home for neglected and 
pauper children, additional buildings being provided in that year and in i8Sr. Here were 
received children of all ages, who for various reasons lacked the sheltering care of a home, 
and for whom our city must provide. A short time ago there were no less than 400 chil- 
dren in the "home" and "nursery." 

It is sad to think of children in an institution. We necessarily think of child-life as 
spent in a home ; and, though the child may be contented and not lack for physical com- 
forts, we feel that he is none the less robbed of his rights, if cared for in the wholesale 
manner of an institution. For many years the authorities "placed" these children in 
homes as rapidly as they could, but the institution housed each year a few more than the 
year before. In addition to the discomfort caused by crowding, the home was being 
gradually stifled by the rapid growth of the city about it with its noise and smoke. 

The trustees of the children's institutions closed the doors of the Marcella Street 
Home, and will provide a smaller home in the country for the temporary shelter of the 
city's waifs. 

Edward B. Lane. 




IN MEMORIAM: MRS. JAMES GUILD. 

ITHIN the last year has been broken up in Roxbury a home 
whence one, who was its head, has passed on to the higher 
life, — Mrs. James Guild. For this great change, her deep, 
religious faith, the leaning of her thought toward the mys- 
tical, the spiritual, her firm belief in immortality, her love 
for all most beautiful in God's work here, and her delight 
in things not wholly of this world, seem peculiarly to have 
prepared and fitted her. 
But her place among us here cannot be filled ; and her loss will be felt for long, and 
the memory of all she was, will be an abiding one. 

Her name, indeed, must be to many always a synonym for large-hearted, generous 
hospitality, for an earnest sharing in all good works, and for the cultivation of that which 
is best and highest in the social life of her friends and neighbors. 

She loved nothing better, I think, than to draw about her those, young and old, who 
enjoyed the finest literature ; and there are a number who will recall most pleasant morn- 
ings spent, now many years since, in her cosey library, some working, while one and an- 
other read from the old Greek plays. 

This interest, too, in social gatherings which might have something more in them 
than the mere chit-chat of an ordinary party, led to the Plato Club, as she loved to call it, 
though its members were all invited guests of her own choosing. These evenings were 
indeed delightful. There were present always bright and cultured men and women, who 
read and discussed the pages of the wonderful old philosopher ; while quiet but much in- 
terested members sat by and listened to the good things read and said, bringing away 
many suggestive words to ponder upon. 

The picture of that lovely room, graced by vases of rare flowers and choice works of 
art, comes before me as I write ; its moving spirit, our hostess, in her gentle, quiet way, 
making all welcome, with a pleasant, kindly word for each. Now and then, with her soft 
voice and so wholly unpretentious manner, she joined in the discussion with some apt and 
suggestive word, or sweetly called forth from others an expression of their thought on the 
immediate subject. 

Her love for books was a passion almost. She read constantly the best, and these 
were her great resource through her years of invalidism. 

She wrote a good deal and well in her earlier years ; and she had a fine taste in glean- 
ing the choicest things from her wide reading, as her two collections, " The Hymns of 
the Ages " and "The Prayers of the Ages," make evident. 

Her love for flowers and the beautiful in nature and in art was most genuine, giving 
her true delight and tending to awaken and quicken the same in those with her. 

Some one said of her, not long since, " I don't think Mrs. Guild knew at all what a 
power she was in Roxbury " ; and I believe this was true. 



In Memofiam: Mrs. James Guild 31 

It was indeed rare to meet one who, in such a quiet, unostentatious way, did so 
much for the enjoyment and benefit of her large circle of friends, and was so kind and 
helpful to those of all classes who specially needed help and sympathy. 

Through her late years of broken health, when too feeble to see her friends and 
neighbors except for short visits, she was so bright and hopeful, touching so lightly upon 
her own illness and discomfort, talking instead of books and all pleasant things, yet ready 
to listen with true interest and sympathy to whatever of joy or sorrow was theirs to 
speak of, that often they came away finding it hard to believe she was so far from well. 

She has left us ; and, while we deeply miss her presence here, it is good to think of 
her in the closing lines of a poem she loved : — 

In alternations of sublime repose. 

Musical motion, the perpetual play 
Of every faculty that Heaven bestows. 

Through the bright, busy, and eternal day. 

Catharine Osborne Sumner. 



PREVALENT POETRY. 

A WANDERING tribe, called the Siou.xs, When out on the war-path, the Siouxs 

Wear moccasins, having no shiou.xs : March single tile, never by tiouxs, 
They are made of buckskin And by " blazing " the trees 

With the fleshy side in, Can return at their ease, 

Embroidered with beads of bright hyiouxs. And their way through the forests ne'er liou; 

All new-fashioned boats he eschiouxs, 
And uses the birch-bark caniouxs ; 

These are handy and light, 

And, inverted at night, 
Give shelter from storms and from diouxs. 

The principal food of the Siouxs Now doesn't this spelling look cyiouxrious .? 

Is Indian maize, which they briouxs, 'Tis enough to make anyone fyiouxrious ! 
And hominy make. So a word to the wise, — 

Or mix in a cake, Pray our language revise 

And eat it with pork, as they chiouxs. With orthography not so injiouxrious. 



Charles Follen Adams 
( Yawcob Strauss). 




LANDMARKS. 

OXBURY was incorporated Sept. 28, i860, and was one of the oldest 
towns of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Its original line was within 
about two hundred feet of the present Public Garden, bounded by Bos- 
ton, Dedham, Dorchester, and Newton. 

William Wood in "New England's Prospect," published in Lon- 
don in 1634, says: "A mile from this towne [Dorchester] lieth Rox- 
berry, which is a faire and handsome country towne ; the inhabitants 
of it being all very rich. This Towne lieth upon the Maine, so that 
it is well wooded and watered, having a cleare and fresh brook run- 
ning through the Towne. ... A quarter of a mile to the North side 
of the town is another river called Stony-river, upon which is built a water-milne. 
Here is good ground for Corne, and Meadow for Cattle. Up westward from the 
Towne it is something rocky, whence it hath the name of Roxberry; the inhabitants 
have faire houses, store of Cattle, impaled Corne-fields, and fruitefull Gardens." 

Prior to the building of the Charles River Bridge, which was opened to travel June 
17, 1786, the only road to Boston was through Roxbury over the Neck. 
A few of the noted landmarks are here described : — 

The Shirley House, situated on Shirley Street, near Dudley, was built by Governor 
Shirley about the middle of the last century. The oaken frame and other materials were 
brought from England at a vast expense, and it was considered the most elaborate and 
palatial of the old Roxbury mansions. The fireplaces were ornamented with Dutch tiles, 
and on the Dudley Street front was the entrance hall of grand proportions. To the right 
a broad staircase led to a balcony extending around to the left, where two doors opened 
into a guest chamber, where Washington, Franklin, Lafayette, Daniel Webster, and man)' 
other celebrated men were entertained. 

In 1775 the house was occupied by the soldiers for barracks, and was much injured 
thereby. The house passed through various hands, and in 1819 was bought by Governor 
Eustis, who passed here the remainder of his days. The estate was sold in 1867, and cut 
up into house lots. The plant commonly known as white weed was first introduced into 
this country by Governor Eustis about 1820, and was cultivated and grown on his estate 
in Roxbury. 

Old Burying-ground, corner Eustis and Washington Streets. — The first interment 
was made in 1633. Here are interred the remains of Governors Thomas Dudley and 
Joseph Dudley, Chief Justice Paul Dudley, Colonel William Dudley, the Apostle Eliot, 
Oliver Peabody, Amos Adams, Eliphalet Porter, General Greaton, and many others, in- 
cluding four or five hundred of the veterans of the early French and Indian Wars. 

The Grove Hall Mansion, at the junction of Blue Hill Avenue and Washington 
Streets, was built in the year 1800, and was for many years the residence of Mr. T. K. 
Jones. Afterward it was kept by a Mr. Flagg as a summer boarding-house, and many 
people drove out from Boston to be entertained there. Later the house was re- 





^ 


^^SKM 


-1 




'mm 







SHIRLKV HOrSE. 



if 




1 * , ii 'l. i! 




TOWN HALL 



'«». 


^^' 


r^v 






■ ^ 



WARREN HOUSE. 




^PARTING 5TQNF 



^QGTAGaN HALL* 




„ u lumo 



-MEAD HOUSE''- 



Landmarks 



33 



modelled, and used for a consumptives' home. The building was destroyed by fire in 
July, 1898. The name Grove Hall has for many years been applied to that locality. 

The Mead House. — William Mead, who died in 1683, leaving no descendants, gave 
house and land to the Roxbury Grammar School. The land extended from below Tol- 
man Place to the corner of Walnut Avenue. The house at the corner of Tolman Place 
and Warren Street is probably that in which Mead resided. It was built in the style of 
two centuries ago, and until its alteration the roof sloped at the rear nearly to the ground. 

The Wari-en House. — The Warren homestead was a cottage farm-house, built in 
1720 by the first Joseph Warren. 

On the site of it there was built in 1846 a stone house, which has two inscriptions 
on the front of the second story, as follows : — 

On this spot stood the house erected in 1720 by Joseph Warren, of Boston, who was killed at the 
iiattle of Bunker Hill, June 17, 1775. 

John Warren, a distinguished physician and anatomist, was also born here. The original man- 
sion being in ruins, this house was built by John C. Warren, M.D.. in 1846. son of the last named, as a 
permanent memorial of the spot. 

The Auchmuty House, subsequently known as the Bradford House, was built by 
Robert Auchmuty about 1761. The house stood at the corner of Washington and Cliff 
Streets, and was a fine specimen of colonial architecture. Robert, afterward Judge 
Auchmuty, was a most intense Royalist ; and various meetings were held at his house. 
As the result of one of these meetings, the British government sent over troops to en- 
force the "stamp act." Judge Auchmuty took refuge in Boston at the time of the siege, 
and in 1776 returned to England, where he died in 1788. 

On his departure the Auchmuty House was taken possession of by the selectmen 
of the town of Roxbury, and was leased by them to Joseph Ruggles. During the siege 
the officers of Colonel Learned's regiment were quartered there. Later it was confis- 
cated by the State as the property of a Tory. Increase Sumner, afterward governor 
of Massachusetts, purchased the property of the State. The house then passed into 
various hands, becoming in 1840 the property of Mr. Charles F. Bradford, in whose 
family it remained until its demolition in 1889. A brick block now occupies the 
premises. 

Court House, Ro.xbury Street. — In this building was formerly the Washington 
School, which was established in 1840, and was the first grammar school erected for the 
purpose in Roxbury, excepting the old Free School. 

Octagfon Hall. — The building known as Octagon Hall is sit- 
uated at the corner of Dudley and Kenilworth Streets. It was 
built during the first quarter of the present century by Captain 
Nathaniel Dorr; and in 1826 the Norfolk Bank, the first in- 
stitution of its kind in Roxbury, was established there. In 1834 
the bank was robbed, and it seemed for a while as if no clew to 
the robbers or the missing money would ever be found. Some 
weeks later the entire amount was discovered by the police, — 
concealed in the woods near Grove Hall ; and the thieves were 
captured. After this the bank never thrived, and in 1835 it 
stopped payment. For many years the building has been used 
as an office by the Gas Company. 




Landmarks 



Roxbury Town Hall was erected on land given by Colonel Joseph Dudley in 1810. 
In 1 818 the use of the upper story was granted by the town, to the Norfolk Guards, for 
an armory. A grammar school was subsequently held there, and in 1826 its basement 
was leased to Nathaniel Dorr for a market. From 1846 to 1867 the building was used 
as the City Hall. The Municipal Court held its sessions there from 1868 to 1873. The 
building was sold to be removed in 1873, and the Dudley School was erected on the site. 

Ionic Hall on Roxbury Street was one of the earliest of the brick mansions of 
Roxbury, and was built about 1800 by Captain Stoddard. It has since been put to a 
variety of uses, having been temporarily occupied by the First Religious Society while 
their present church was being built in 1804. The building is now used for an institution 
known as St. Luke's Home for Convalescents. 

The Dillaway House, Eliot Square, was built by the Rev. Oliver Peabody, previous 
to 1768, and is still standing. It was occupied successively by the Rev. Amos Adams 
and the Rev. Dr. Porter, and later came into the possession of Mr. Charles K. Dillaway, 
who occupied it until his death. During the siege of Boston the house was used as the 
headquarters of General John Thomas. The battle of Bunker Hill and the confla- 
gration of Charlestown were witnessed from the upper windows by the 
general and his officers. 

Roxbury Fort. — The Upper or High Fort, situated on what is now 
Fort Avenue, was erected in June, 1775, and was regarded by Washington 
as the best and most eligibly situated of all the works then in process of 
construction. The Fort was of quadrangular shape, built on the summit 
of the rock. It was considered by the militia of unparalleled strength, and 
excited great confidence in that wing of the army stationed at Roxbury. 

When the Stand-pipe was built by the city in 1869, the Fort was 
demolished; and in 1877 a tablet was erected with the following in- 
scription : — 

ON THIS EMINENCE STOOD 

ROXBURY HIGH FORT 

A STRONG EARTHWORK PLANNED BV 

HENRY KNOX & JOSIAH WATERS 

AND ERECTED BY THE 

AMERICAN ARMY 

JUNE, 177s, 

CROWNING THE FAMOUS ROXBURY 

LINES OF INVESTMENT AT 

THE SIEGE OF BOSTON. 

During the past year the city has restored the lines of the Fort as far 
as possible. 

The Crafts House on Huntington Avenue, near the foot of Parker Hill 
Avenue, was built by Ebenezer Craft in 1709, the chimney being so dated. 
About the year 1796 the back part of the house, being one story at the 
eaves, was taken down, and a new part built, one and a half stories high, 
with long rafters extending up to the chimney. The large mansion 
house on the opposite side of the street was built by Major Ebenezer 



STAND-PIPE ON FORT HILL. 





AUCHMUTV HOU; 




CRAFTS HOUSE. 



Landmarks 



35 



Crafts at the time of his marriage in 1806. It was designed by Peter Banner, an 
English architect, who also designed the Park Street Church, Boston. 

The Mile-stones erected by Paul Dudley were a source of great satisfaction to his 
contemporaries, and of much interest to antiquarians of the pres- 
ent day. The distance was measured from the Old State House, 
Boston, and stones erected on various highways leading from the 
town. 

On Warren Street, near Rockland, stood a three-mile stone, 
but this was removed when the block was built in 1S72. The 
four-mile stone is still standing near Grove Hall. The mile 
stones, in this direction, extend at intervals to Canton. 

On Centre Street, which was formerly the Old Dedham 
Road, the stones are still in good condition, though the three 
mile stone is now set in a stone wall. The four-mile stone is 
opposite Creighton Street. The five-mile stone is near Eliot 
Street. The six- mile stone is near Allandale Street. On 



Parker Hill Avenue, stands a 



^X' 




Huntington Avenue, near 
four-mile stone. 

The Partingf Stone. — In Shurtleff's "Topographical and -^-- 
Historical Description of Boston " appears the following : _^^Z 

"Until 1793 there was no comfortable approach to 'the 

Colleges ' except through Charlestown over Charlestown Neck, or else over Boston Neck 
and through Roxbury and Brookline, and finally over Great Bridge on the present 
Brighton Road. One relic of this old road remains, standing at the corner of Washington 
and Centre Streets, — a large stone, — which bears on its front the following inscription : 
'The Parting Stone, 1744. P. Dudley.' On its northerly side it directs to ' Cambridge ' 
and ' Watertown,' and on its southerly side to ' Dedham ' and ' Rhode Island.' This guide- 
stone, which is constantly passed without even a notice, has, unquestionably, given infor- 
mation to inquirers and rest to the weary for a century and a quarter, thanks to good old 
Judge Paul Dudley, of blessed memory, to whom the old town of Roxbury was indebted 
for many good things." 

Originally, an iron shaft was inserted in the stone, having a fork at the upper end for 
the support of a street lamp ; but some years ago this was removed. Through the efforts 
of the historic and patriotic societies, much , interest has been awakened in places of 
historic value. May success crown their efforts in the preservation of these sites ! 

Compiled by L. Foster Morse. 




LETTER FROM REV. LYMAN ABBOTT, D.D. 

no Columbia Heights, Brooklyn, 
Dec. 14, 1898. 
^^g^JEAR MADAM,— It is true that I was born in Roxbury, which was not 
Kwi/SSIM then, as it is now, a part of Boston. I was but two years old, however, 
DEs^mIW when my father moved to Maine, so that I have no recollections of my 
L^^^2jL1 birthplace ; and Roxbury has been so changed since my father's lifetime 
that there has been nothing in it to draw me thither. Yet I never go to Boston without 
a certain feeling of pardonable, though perhaps provincial, pride that I am a Massachu- 
setts man, and come from the city which all Massachusetts men regard as the intellectual 
capital of New England, if not of the Nation. With Boston, too, some of the most per- 
manently influential work which my father ever did is associated in the minds of his chil- 
dren. He moved there in 1829 from Amherst, and left there in 1837, spending therefore 
eight years in that city, three or four of them in Roxbury. During this time he founded 
the Mount Vernon School, and, though no musician, was active with Lowell Mason in 
organizing that movement which was one of the first and most influential in making 
music a vital element in the life of the common people. Perhaps it is a son's partiality, 
but to me it has always seemed that the Mount Vernon School was a prophecy of that 
higher education for women whose ripened fruit is seen in Wellesley, Holyoke, Smith, 
Vassar, and Bryn Mawr, to say nothing of secondary schools of the first importance, and 
institutions affiliated with some of the great universities. 

But more influential than either, to my thinking, was the work which my father did 
with his pen during those eight years. For during that time, while he was in the earlier 
part principal of the Mount Vernon School, and in the latter part organizing the Eliot 
Church of Roxbury, he wrote what seem to me to be, on the whole, the most significant, 
vital, and influential of his works: "The Young Christian," "The Corner-stone," "The 
Way to do Good," and " Hoary Head and McDonough." I am glad he did not add a fifth 
volume which he had projected, "A Vindication of the Evangelical Faith," — glad, 
although I hold the evangelical faith myself, — because my father was by nature not a dis- 
putant. I never knew him to attack another man's faith, and rarely did he defend his 
own. He was an interpreter, not a vindicator ; and the best vindication of any faith lies 
in its true and spiritual interpretation. 

It is not easy for us now to realize the sharp lines which separated the sects in 1829- 
37, the ceaseless antagonism which inspired the combatants in the opposing camps, the 
spirit of intolerance so absolutely inconsistent with the spirit of Christ. The liberalism 
of " The Young Christian " series was like my father, gentle, uncombative, pervasive, and 
persuasive ; but it was unmistakable liberalism. Searchers for heresy easily found what 
they searched for in these volumes ; and, when he came before a council for ordination, 
influential although he already had become by his position as professor, teacher, and author, 
the ordination was granted only after considerable discussion and despite some oppo- 
sition. 



Letter from Rev. Lyman Abbott, D.D. 37 

It was many years after this that my father, who became my theological professor, 
and from whom many of my best lessons in theology and religion were learned, said to 
me, " Lyman, I am sure that nine-tenths of the controversies which have agitated the 
religious world have been controversies about words ; and I rather think the other tenth 
has been also." This was the spirit of the four volumes which he gave to the public 
while living in Boston and Roxbury. He let all controversies about words alone, and 
devoted himself to the culture of the spirit with that "sweetness and light" which 
Matthew Arnold has praised rather than exemplified. The men who were looked upon 
then as heretics, with suspicion, if not with abhorrence, are now revered as great religious 
leaders. The church has come to see that loyalty to Christ and loyalty to human defini- 
tions of Christ are very different ; and that it is loyalty to Christ, not to the human defini- 
tion, that the world needs. It is this spirit of loyalty, not any definition, which consti- 
tutes the bond and the power of the church of Christ; and — again it may be a son's 
partiality — I cannot but think that the quiet, uncontroversial, kindly liberalism of the 
four volumes which my father wrote during his eight years in Boston and Roxbury have 
been not least among the influences which have transformed the spirit of intolerance and 
persecution into one of catholic recognition and Christian fellowship. Looking back, 
I can see that to his influence on my early life I owe, more than to any other one cause, 
my own faith that Christianity is a life ever the same, speaking through liturgies and 
dogmas which are ever varying, and that to be a Christian is not to think as some other 
person thinks about Christ, but to be like him in spirit, in purpose, and in life. 

Lyman Abbott. 



LIMITATION. 

I CAN sing of the sea and earth, 
And form into words sky's soft mirth, 
I can tell the swirls that clouds make. 
But how about man — and heart's ache? 

I can try and fashion a way 

To picture the shows of a day, 

I can paint the stars as they leap. 

But how about eyes — when they weep ? 

I can catch the winds as they wail, 
And mirror youth's dreams as they sail, 
I can force all worlds in my scope, 
But how about souls — without hope? 

Lillian Gertrude Shuman. 



ROXBURY CLUBS. 



ll ^^jfe^ ^F we eliminate from the gentlemen's clubs of Roxbury such as are intimately, 
V^WnTi if not exclusively, connected with church, society, sect, sport, art, or science, 
K:^|[i!i7 there may be said to he two now existing in Roxbury. 

V^Sisdj The Roxbury Club, formerly occupying the Dr. Arnold estate on Warren 

Street, received its charter in October, 1885, and contained among its members many of 
the most prominent names connected with Roxbury and its development. It subse- 
quently purchased the large estate on the corner of Warren and Montrose Streets, and, 
after making extensive alterations and additions, has since made its home there. 

The first president of the club was Nathaniel J. Bradlee, one of the most prominent 
architects of his day, and a high-minded, public-spirited, and influential citizen, and one 
greatly interested in Roxbury. It has since maintained a membership varying from one 
hundred to two hundred members, and has recently received a large number of young, 
energetic, and talented members, and seems to be in a prosperous condition. It has 
excellent facilities for bowling, billiards, whist, and an admirable hall adapted for parties 
and musical or dramatic entertainments. 

The Dudley Club, which has but recently assumed that name, was incorporated as 
"The Dudley Association," in November, 1888; and John A. Hunneman was elected its 
first president. Prior to receiving its charter it had been a voluntary association, formed 
in 1877 by members of the graduating class of the Dudley Grammar School. At first the 
association held its meetings in the school building, and afterward was located on Gay 
Street and Dudley Street and at No. 10 Warren Street, where it remained several years. 

It was originally organized as a debating club and literary society ; but, as frequently 
happens in such cases, these distinctive elements were soon merged in those of a general 
social club. It naturally attracted a younger membership than composed the Roxbury 
Club ; but, as time went on, it counted many prominent Roxbury gentlemen among its 
members. It several times outgrew its quarters, and finally obtained the Dunbar estate 
on Washington Street at the corner of Cliff Street. It is now, and always has been, a 
very prosperous club, its members taking an active interest, not only in sports, but 
in all matters relating to Roxbury. 

Recently it had the good fortune to obtain a lease of a building to be erected particu- 
larly for its use, and an inspection of its present beautiful club-house on Kenilworth 
Street shows the advantages derived by it. All modern conveniences and appliances for 
an ideal social club can be found there. 

Horace G. Allen. 



Describe to me the women's clubs of your town, and I shall have a fair insight into 
the character of the women who compose them. Women's clubs to-day stand for the 
ennobling, enlightening, and uplifting of woman and all she holds dear, home and 
children. 

It was for the sole purpose of preparing themselves to be in the truest and best 
sense the guides and companions of the children committed to them, that on March 18, 








% 



! if I ,'v'i'HiAnon- ^}^i 

■v. 1 ■, fiouLD- 'W 

. HUT- Cj// 



Clubs 



39 



1885, twenty-three members of the class of 1876 of the Girls' High School organized 
under the name "Women in Council." The aim of this club is child study; but, to be 
truly equipped, they study also history, literature, ethics, art, and science. 

The club entered the State Federation March 21, 1894, and was incorporated June 
26, 1895. In 1889, in loving memory of its founder, Lillias Walker Hazewell, a memo- 
rial trunk was established, which in the ten years has given over twenty-five hundred 
infants' garments to 234 needy mothers. 

The club numbers over 175 women of Roxbury and vicinity. It owns a share in the 
Women's Club House in Boston ; it is identified with the Consumers' League and Audu- 
bon Society ; it has an active interest in our Ro.xbury schools, and in everything which 
touches the welfare of the child, the woman, and the home. 

From a class conducted by Miss Lucia T. Ames The Roxburghe Club came into ex- 
istence. Incorporated June 30, 1896, it held its first meeting October 23, 1896. It was 
admitted to the General Federation November 1896, and to the State Federation in 
January 1897. 

Its membership is at present limited to 150 with awaiting list. The club has a 
share in the Women's Club House in Boston. It is represented in the Consumers' 
League and in the Committee of Council and Co-operation, and has committees for the 
preservation and care of trees and for sanitation. "The object of the club shall be edu- 
cational, and to encourage in women united thought and action for service in the commu- 
nity." The latter part of the above by-law appeals especially to the women of the club, 
and no good cause is presented to them without receiving close and earnest attention. 

Patriotism is ever at home in the hearts of Roxbury women. June 17, 1895, the Mary 
Warren Chapter of the Daughters of the Revolution was organized. It was named for 
the mother of General Joseph Warren, who came in 1740 as a bride to the house on 
Warren Street where her illustrious son was born, June 11, 1741. 

The history of our country, from the settlement of Massachusetts to the close of the 
Revolution, and a study of her heroes, are the topics discussed at the monthly meetings, 
sometimes over the traditional cup of tea. 

The Thursday Morning Club of Roxbury was formed in 1887. Its membership is 
twenty-one, and but few changes have occurred in it. " Art " ; " The English Drama- 
tists," "Poets," "Essays and Essayists" both English and American, "The Divine 
Comedy " with essays relating to it ; " Grecian Tragedy " in the works of ^schylus, 
Sophocles, Aristophanes, and Euripides, the works of Lessing, Goethe, and Schiller, 
have afforded great enjoyment and profit to a band of busy, domestic women, who de- 
sired intellectual enlargement. 

The clubs mentioned are, perhaps, the ones best known in Roxbury ; but there have 
been, and are many others, smaller and more private, which, in their work and study, aim 
to produce "the perfect woman, nobly planned." 

Ida Hunneman. 



The Elm Hill Shakespeare Club was formed in 1891 by a number of ladies and 
gentlemen residing, for the most part, in the vicinity of Elm Hill. Since then it has met 
monthly each winter from November to May. For a time it was sheltered in Fauntleroy 
Hall ; but, for the most part, it has been found that the meetings have been more 



40 



Clubs 



attractive when held in the houses of its members, as is now the custom. Its present 
membership is about seventy. 

As the name indicates, the original purpose of the club was the reading of Shakes- 
perian plays. But of late, following the wishes of many members, it has been the custom 
to intersperse other standard dramas with those of Shakespeare. 

The plays, of course, are read, not acted ; but the committee, whose duty it is to 
select and arrange the play, assigns the parts in advance, so that the readers have abun- 
dant time to study their lines. 

The expectation is that no member will, except under unavoidable necessity, decline 
any part thus assigned him ; and the aim is to read with intelligence and as much expres- 
sion as is possible. While there are no professional elocutionists in the club, a number 
of very excellent readers have thus developed ; and the plays, albeit without scenic acces- 
sories, are often given with much spirit and effect. The reading usually occupies about 
two hours, and there is time enough remaining for light refreshments and conversation. 

Charles F. Withingtox. 



TN the J5oston Gazette of Feb. 22, 1773, is 
the following advertisement : — 

Benjamin Willard, at his shop in Roxbuiy Street, 
pursues the different branches of clock and watch 
work, and has for sale musical clocks playing different 
tunes, — a new tune every day in the week, and on 
Sunday a Psalm tune. These tunes perform every 
hour without any obstruction to the motion or going 
of the clock. A new invention for pricking barrels to 
perform the music, and his clocks are made much 
cheaper than any ever yet known. All the branches 
of this business Ukewise carried on at his shop in 
Grafton. 



npHE old Williams homestead, on the cor- 
ner of Oriole Street, is well preserved ; 
but it has been greatly modernized. The 
fine large elm back of it gives to the old man- 
sion a comfortable, homelike air. Upon this 
estate, which contained about fifty acres, 
originated the "Williams Favorite," a large 
and handsome dessert apple, worthy of a 
place in every garden. It is a fact that the 
apple-tree, set out so extensively by the first 
settlers here, soon produced a fruit superior in 
size and flavor to what it had borne in Eng- 
land. — Drake's " Town 0/ Roxbury" 1878. 




BROOK FARM. 

jROOK FARM was an attempt to realize Utopia. Its legal title was "The 
Brook Farm Institute of Agriculture and Education." Its founder was the 
Rev. George Ripley, who had been the minister of the new Purchase Street 
Unitarian Church, a society which had been started for him. He was also 
a member of a famous club which really had no name, but was called the "Transcendental 
Club," and which comprised many of the most ardent souls and awakened minds of that 
lively epoch. Both in Europe and in New England the more sensitive spirits were look- 
ing forward to a new social condition. On the European continent the general ferment 
culminated in the revolutions of 1848. In New England, where political liberty was 
abundant, the more enterprising minds turned to religious and social speculations, and 
in a few cases to social experiments. 

The Brook Farm community was established in the spring of 1841. About twenty 
persons were then comprised in it, though in two years they had increased to seventy. 
The estate had been a milk farm, and received its name from a very pretty brook which 
ran in front of the house and across the road. There was a commodious farm-house, with 
the usual out-buildings, to which various other dwellings and workshops were added as 
the community increased in numbers and enlarged its plan. The capital stock was 
$12,000, divided into twenty-four shares. Mr. Ripley not only put whatever ready money 
he had into the enterprise, but pledged his library for $400 more. 

The best known members were Mr. and Mrs. Ripley, Nathaniel Hawthorne, John S. 
Dwight, and Charles A. Dana. Hawthorne had no heart in the matter, and soon with- 
drew. His comments on his life there, in the "American Note-book," are very amusing. 
He has also introduced the experiment and several of the inhabitants in his " Blithedale 
Romance," but everything is there so subordinated to the purpose of his novel that the 
book is of no historical value whatever. Dana was very young, suffering from weakness 
of the eyes, but did some teaching, and was, on the whole, the most practical man of the 
company. Dwight was most devoted and sacrificing, but the soul of the matter was fur- 
nished by Mr. and Mrs. Ripley. She was an unusual person, considered the most learned 
woman in Boston, of great enthusiasm and energy. Another member, well known in 
his day but now almost forgotten, was George P. Bradford. 

The movement excited much curiosity and no little amusement among the Philistines, 
but much confidence and respect among the more thoughtful and socially most prominent 
people of Boston. The farm was often visited by Theodore Parker, whose little church 
was not far away, by Emerson, Margaret Fuller, F. H. Hedge, J. F. Clarke, Rockwood 
Hoar, John A. Andrew, Lydia Maria Child, Horace Greeley, and others. 

Besides these came children and young folk from the best families to be brought 
up in so choice a circle, to be taught in the school which was established or to board at 
the common table. Among these were some who, like George William Curtis, came to 
be well known in later years, and to acknowledge in the most enthusiastic terms the 
benefit which they received from this rare opportunity. Mr. Curtis's descriptions in the 



42 Brook Farm 

"Easy Chair" oi Harper s Magazine, and his letters to Dwight, with Mr. George Willis 
Cooke's admirable introduction, are the best doors now available to be opened into the 
spirit of that happy though brief experience. 

To these young minds, however, the more serious side of the experiment was, of 
course, unknown. Music, conversation, rural parties, and picnics were not the whole of 
the matter. The secret spring of the enterprise was the purpose of showing to the 
world the model of an ideal social condition, in which the inequalities which so offend 
the sensitive soul are done away, where the many shall no more labor to keep a few in 
elegant idleness, but where all shall labor and all shall have leisure for the highest pur- 
suits and tastes. Mr. Ripley spent part of his day in labor upon the farm, and Mrs. 
Ripley worked hard in the laundry. Idyllic pictures are given of Curtis hanging out 
clothes and Hawthorne wielding the pitchfork. Thus those who enjoyed the fruits of 
manual labor also created them ; while, vice versa, those who worked with the hands had 
opportunity to cultivate the higher faculties. 

This Arcadian state of things lasted for about two years. Then the community en- 
tered upon a larger and more varied development. Manufactures were added to the 
agricultural and domestic occupations which had hitherto monopolized the manual labor 
of the members. This involved the introduction of workingmen, who could not under- 
stand the main principle of the enterprise nor mix socially with the originators and their 
friends. The cultivated visitors, and even members, lost their interest. The children 
were taken out of the school. The workmen became disaffected. The factories could 
not compete with others nearer their markets and conducted on stricter principles of 
business. Financially as well as socially the community lost ground ; and when in 
March 2, 1846, the new Phalanstery, or common building, was burned, it became evident 
that the end was near. On March 4, 1847, it was voted to let the farm, and on 
August 18 to sell it. 

The company scattered. Mr. Ripley became a contributor to the New York Trib- 
une at a salary barely enough to live upon. His library had been taken under fore- 
closure, and he was penniless. Mrs. Ripley, perhaps in reaction from ideals which had 
so disastrously failed, became Roman Catholic, and died in 1861, being buried from the 
very building in which she and her husband had started their Unitarian society so 
hopefully in 1826. The career of Mr. Dana is still fresh in memory. Mr. Dwight began 
in Boston the publication of his Musical Journal. 

So ended in poverty and disappointment the idyl of Brook Farm. The end was 
only apparent, however. The influence of such characters and of such a life goes on 
unseen ; and the noble careers of some of the children there taught, and of some of the 
men and women who there labored, are in part its fruits. 

William H. Lvon. 



M. V. A. A. WORK IN ROXBURY. 




CARCELY had the recent war with Spain begun, when a call 
came for help for the volunteers ; and from that time 
sniiplies were rapidly forwarded by the Massachusetts 
Volunteer Aid Association to the Massachusetts 
troops at Camps Alger, Thomas Meade, and Wick- 
off, and at Santiago and Porto Rico. A most 
noteworthy achievement by the association 
j " was the equipment of the hospital shij) "Bay 

State," fitted in every way for as thorough care 
^ ' of the sick and wounded as could be looked for 

in a well-appointed land hospital. Especially 
was the relief work of interest in bringing out the excel- 
lent capacity for organization possessed by women in 
various parts of the State. One feature in the work of 
the Aid Association deserves mention ; namely, the ab- 
sence of useless contributions. Even in the Civil War. 
where the organization of the Sanitary Commission stands as a model, the amount of 
worthless articles sent in was great. This proves that our communities are alive with as 
sincere love of country and humanitarian enthusiasm as at any time in our history, and 
more capable than ever of efficient work. In this exhibition of patriotic support, Massa- 
chusetts holds an honorable position ; and our men at the front showed corresponding 
pride in their Massachusetts citizenship. 

In May there was issued by Mary Warren Chapter, Daughters of the Rev- 

olution, a call for the formation of an aid society in Roxbury, auxiliary to the Massachu- 
setts Volunteer Aid Association. From this sprang the Roxbury Branch, the fourth to 
be enrolled. It began June i, with the election of the following officers : president, Gor- 
ham Rogers ; vice-president, Edward A. McLaughlin ; secretary, William H. Robey, 
Jr., M.D. ; treasurer, John D. Williams. Executive Board: the officers, c.r officio, and 
Mrs. P. O' M. Edson, Mrs. H. D. Forbes, Mrs. S. M. Hedges, Mrs. C. F. Withington, 
Miss Ida Hunneman. Chairman of Committees : Mrs. E. H. Atherton, Mrs. J. M. Gal- 
vin, Mrs. William C. Collar, Miss Grace Soren, Mrs. Alfred Bunker, Mr. Edwin U. 
Curtis. 

Work was begun immediately. The city gave the use of the ward room, corner of 
Vine and Dudley Streets ; and at regular stated hours some one was there to give informa- 
tion and receive contributions. Members were notified by postal cards of special duties 
assigned them, and responded promptly to the calls of the different committee chairmen. 
From June 29 to September i there were sent to the general society two thousand 
three hundred and fifty made pieces and one hundred and forty-five miscellaneous 
articles, besides $1,300 in money. $A,6<^ was spent for incidentals and purchase of mate- 
rials. 

In an article in the Transcript, Miss Alice Clement, secretary of the Supply Com- 
mittee of the central organization, said she could point with pride to the management 
and accomplishment of the Roxbury Branch, and advised those intending to work for 
the soldiers to take pattern from it. It is considered at headquarters to have been one 
of the best working branches in the State, and to dispute with Brookline the rank of 
first in general efficiency. 

We are justly proud of our record ; but it is not surprising that a most efficient relief 
organization should have been formed in Roxbury, for Roxbury is a community which 
not only includes within its borders a great degree of intelligently directed energy, but 
also inherits traditions of excellence in relief work, and in capacity for organization. 

Edward H. Bradford. 




REMINISCENCES. 

iTHERS will tell of Mr. C. K. Dillavvay as an instructor of youth 
and of the number of his pupils who have become distinguished 
and leading citizens ; but I should like to say a few words about 
him as teacher of a girls' school, which he kept for a few years 
during the latter part of his daughter's school life. The pupils 
were mostly young girls who lived in the neighborhood, daughters of 
c^''^ his personal friends and members of Dr. Putnam's church. The 

-g-'^^ school was kept in his study, a small, pleasant room at the back of his 

house, completely lined with shelves crowded with works of standard merit, 
new and old, which books he was always ready and happy to loan to any friend as well 
as to us girls. I do not believe a happier or more harmonious little school ever 
existed. We sat round a long table running the breadth of the room. I have no doubt 
that most of us were sometimes as unreasonable and trying as the average school- 
girl is apt occasionally to be, but I never remember seeing dear Mr. Dillaway's serene 
temper ruffled for a moment ; I never heard him speak a cross or even a severe word ; 
our lessons were made interesting, and the whole mental and moral atmosphere of the 
school was sunny and loving. Great stress was laid upon English composition and 
upon Latin. Every other week we learned some fine standard poem to recite on Satur- 
day ; and the alternate week we brought in a composition, sometimes a synopsis of the 
Sunday's sermon, and sometimes a forensic, in which we took opposite sides of a question. 
At recess we walked in the garden back of the house or were allowed to go into the par- 
lor and use the piano. The first class in Latin were permitted, as a special privilege, to 
take their books into the dining-room, and study out their translation by themselves. 
What pleasant times we had ! Over the front porch a luxuriant vine bore rich clusters of 
delicious grapes ; and every year, when these were gathered, a heaping basketful was 
brought into school for us all to share. Mr. Dillaway had a special pet, a fine cat, who 
often used to come to door or window seeking entrance, which was never denied him. Mr. 
Dillaway always let him in at once, when he would leap upon the study table, and march 
up and down its length, receiving caresses from the girls, who regarded this as a most 
delightful diversion. Mr. Dillaway was like a second father to us all ; and his interest and 
affection did not end with our school-days, but followed us through life, and descended to 
our children, whom he always called his grandchildren. We loved each year to make pil- 
grimages to the dear old house, to revisit the cosey study to see again his smile, which 
was like a benediction, and to receive his affectionate welcome. 

His golden wedding was a delightful occasion, which those who were so fortunate as 
to attend will never forget. His old friends and pupils, with their families, flocked round 
him and his ever kind and friendly wife, coming and going through the entire day, and 
receiving, as always, the warmest and heartiest of greetings. 

Of the old citizens of Roxbury, amongst the best known and most highly respected 
were the Misses Amory and Anna Cabot Lowell, who during a long life were always 



Reminiscences 4S 

friends and benefactors of the town and townspeople. Models of earnest piety and pillars 
of Dr. Putnam's church, unusually well and thoroughly educated, with every advantage of 
birth, wealth, culture, and high social position, they were unceasingly diligent in good 
works, and welcomed every opportunity of relieving the poor, of aiding every good under- 
taking, and especially of educating and assisting the young. They both taught for many 
years in the Sunday-school of Dr. Putnam's church, and were the devoted friends of their 
pupils there, often forming them also into classes at their own house for the study of his- 
tory and the languages and selecting for them the best of reading from their own fine 
library. Their Sunday-school instruction was of the broadest and most liberal kind, 
strictly Unitarian and of the Channing school of Unitarianism, but liberal and generously 
appreciative of other sects. The last winter of a several years' course of Biblical study 
was devoted to a careful history and analysis of all the leading sects with a view to seeing 
in what points they all agreed ; and their own views of religion and philanthropy were 
broad and cosmopolitan, embracing the best of all times and creeds. 

One year I remember Miss Anna invited her class to her house every Saturday after- 
noon to sew for the poor, she supplying the cloth and cut-out garments, superintending 
the work and reading aloud to us while we sewed, sometimes the works of Miss Sevvell, 
sometimes Southey's "Thalaba" and "Curse of Kehama." After an hour's work we 
were invited to walk in the greenhouse of what was then the fine old Lowell place, near 
Hogg's Bridge. Within the house we were shown books, pictures, various treasures of 
art from many lands ; and the visit ended with a dainty and delicious tea. 

These ladies, as well as all of their race, were noted for a kind and helpful recogni- 
tion of the needs and claims of educated foreigners, sometimes political refugees. I re- 
member one gifted and unfortunate couple of this class to whom they became a minor 
Providence. Miss Anna, with others of her family and friends, set up the gentleman, 
(he and his wife were persons of high birth and culture in their own land) as master of 
a riding-school, in which she herself became one of the pupils. For the benefit of his 
wife she organized a German class, which met at her house. Now the young Polish lady, 
though a very charming and accomplished person, had no training or especial gifts as 
a teacher; and Miss Anna, whilst including herself as a pupil, really and practically 
taught the class, referring occasional questions of pronunciation to the nominal mistress. 

I do not pretend to give an adequate sketch of the lives of these admirable and 
remarkable ladies, to do justice to their learning, their philanthropy, their manifold Chris- 
tian virtues and accomplishments. Only, as an old pupil, I would put on record these few 
words of grateful and affectionate remembrance of those who were lifelong friends and 
benefactors to all about them. 

p. R. H. 




THE MILITARY ORGANIZATIONS OF ROXBURY. 

ECALLING the days of the Revolution, when our Roxbury hills bristled 
with cannon and swarmed with armed men, it is easy to understand the mar- 
tial spirit which has always pervaded this community. Three companies 
from Roxbury, under the command of Captain Moses Whiting, William Draper, 
and Lemuel Childs, responded to the Lexington alarm. We find also a roll 
of Captain Edward Payson Williams's Company in the Thirty-sixth Regiment of Foot 
(Heath's and Greaton's), in the eight months' service; and on this roll are the familiar 
names of Dorr, Munro, Curtis, and Weld. The Roxbury Artillery, which now exists as 
the Roxbury City Guard, Company D, First Regiment Heavy Artillery, M. V. M. was 
organized in 1784, under Major John Jones Spooner, son-in-law of Major General 
Heath. It was equipped with field-pieces which were in its possession as late as 1861, 
when they were turned in. The organization was at one time known as Company D, 
Fifth Artillery. In 1855 it was changed into an infantry company, under command 
of Captain (afterward General) Isaac S. Burrill, and called the Roxbury City Guard. 
In the Shay Rebellion the Roxbury Artillery served in a battalion commanded by 
Major Spooner, forming a part of the force under General Lincoln, which made a 
vigorous campaign in the central and western parts of the State. There was also a 
Roxbury Cavalry Company, under the command of Captain Tyler, which served in 
Worcester County in suppressing the Shay Rebellion. One of the noted military 
organizations of Roxbury was the Norfolk Guards, organized in 1818. This was com- 
posed of some of the best class of Roxbury citizens, and was the swell organization 
of that day. Among its commanders. Captains Gibbs, Spooner, and Guild were noted 
militia officers. It was disbanded in 1855. 

In the War of the Rebellion, Roxbury sent out with the First Regiment of 
Infantry the City Guard, commanded by Ebenezer W. Stone (now Captain, U. S. A., 
retired), as Company D, and the Chadwick Light Infantry, Captain Chamberlain, as 
Company K. To the Thirteenth Regiment was contributed Company E, Captain 
Pratt ; to the Thirty-ninth Regiment, Company B, Captain Graham ; and to the Forty- 
second Regiment (nine months' troops). Company D, Captain Sheriff. The com- 
manders of these five companies were all former members of the City Guard. A com- 
pany was recruited in the summer of 1862 for the Thirty-fifth Regiment. It was 
known as Company K, and was commanded by Captain William S. King. This com- 
pany displayed conspicuous gallantry in action at Antietam, in which it was engaged 
within a few weeks after its departure from home, and where it lost thirteen men killed 
and thirty wounded out of sixty-seven men taken into action, — a loss with few parallels 
in the history of the war. While the boys were at the front, two companies of Home 
Guards were organized, — one known as the Reserve Guard (infantry), under Captain 
Edward Wyman ; the other, the Roxbury Horse Guard. The former was dissolved 
at the close of the war. The latter is still in e.xistence, with a record of service and 
efficiency of which the citizens of Roxbury are justly proud. 

During the late war with Spain the Roxbury City Guard was again in active 
service as Company D, First Regiment Heavy Artillery, U. S. V., under Captain 
Frothingham (now the senior captain in the Massachusetts Volunteer Militia). Under 
the auspices of the Roxbury Grand Army Post, about one hundred and fifty young 
men of Roxbury were enrolled as the " Warren Rifles," which was to be a part of a 
regiment to be known as the " Hooker Guards," headed by that public-spirited and 
patriotic citizen. Captain Isaac P. Gragg. Officers were selected provisionally, and the 
men regularly drilled ; but, fortunately, their services were not required. 

WiLi.i.\M L. Olin. 




ROXBURY CHURCHES. 





LL SOULS UNITARIAN CHURCH is the legal successor of 
the Mount Pleasant Congregational Society, which began infor- 
mally in a meeting held at the house of Mr. Enoch Bartlett, Feb. 
3, 1845, and was incorporated Sept. 10, 1846. Its new church 
was built at the corner of Dudley and Greenville Streets, and was dedi- 
cated in August of the latter year. Of the original pewholders, only 
one, Mrs. F. G. Hunneman, is still with us. Its ministers have been 
William R. Alger, Alfred P. Putnam, Charles J. Bowen, Carlos C. Car- 
penter, William H. Lyon, and Henry T. Secrist. The drift of popula- 
tion away from Mount Pleasant made it apparent that the society must 
change its locality. An association of men was formed to raise money to 
buy a lot. At a meeting of this association, Nov. 28, 1887, the present location was 
settled upon. The corner-stone was laid Oct. 29, 1888, addresses being made by Rev. 
E. E. Hale, D.D., Rev. James De Normandie, Rev. W. H. Lyon, D.D., and Mr. 
C. K. Nichols, chairman of the Building Committee. The new Parish House was occu- 
pied for worship Sept. 15, 1889; and the church was dedicated October 6. Too much 
praise cannot be given to the committee and to Dr. Lyon for his personal efforts and in- 
fluence in giving us our beautiful church. One of the chief features of the interior of the 



48 



All Souls Church 



church is its stained-glass memorial windows. The cross, the font, the altar-cloths, the 
chimes, all are gifts in memoriam. Last, but not least, we have the several contributions 
of not only beauty, but usefulness, from our faithful sexton. The 80 families who 
came to the new church have become 287. The Sunday-school, which numbered 
40 members, has become 250. Its superintendents have been Dr. Lyon, Mr. Hall, 
and Mr. Leavitt. From the Sunday-school have sprung four clubs, — In His Name, 
Lend a Hand, Minute Club, and The Fraternity. The Sewing Circle has developed 
into The Social and Benevolent Society, and has increased its numbers from 41 to 95 
members. 

The Branch Alliance has been organized in the new church with a membership 
of 85 earnest working women. The Alliance wishes to thank all contributors to 
this magazine ; and especially does it return thanks to the members of the committee. 
Miss Katherine A. Gage, chairman ; Miss Helen M. Murdoch, Mrs. Walter M. Farwell, 
Mrs. Julius F. Gage, Mrs. Frederic B. Hall, Miss Amy Pettee, and Mrs. M. A. Parker, 
who have labored so hard in compiling this beautiful Roxbury souvenir. 

Mary S. Philbrick. 



'^fi^C' 




The Roxbury Magazine 



G ilchrist & co. 

Solicit your patronage for every l<ind of legitimate 

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How can we do it? 

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W. H. & S. L EMERY, 



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Goal, Wood, &G. 

WHARF, 

266 to 262 ALBANY ST., 

BOSTON, MASS. 



Telephone, Tremont 613. 



The Roxbury Magazine 



Enjoy Life 




SOLD BV LEAOIIXO OEfiUEKi 



32-38 Union Street, Bo3ton 



Fauntleroy Hall School, 

Wenonah Street, ROXBURY. 

THIS SCHOOL, established as a kindergarten in 1887, has constantly grown 
in popularity and efficiency until it now consists of four departments, — the 
kindergarten, primary, intermediate, and higher grades. 

It affords a continuous course for children from their earliest school age, and 
those pupils who have gone from this institution to the high and Latin schools or 
to college have always maintained an excellent standing. 

The Fletcher Music Method has been introduced as part of the school work 
this year with marked success. 

A regular course in drawing begun in the lower classes is carried on through 
the higher department. 

Every effort is made to arouse ambition and a love of study, but by such 
means that the school life may be happy and fruitful. 

Great attention is paid to the individual needs of pupils, so that systematic 
and thoughtful habits of work and study may be formed. 

In a word, the school aims to give the best development possible to each 
pupil, while cultivating a cheerful spirit, the power of application, and a desire for 
faithful work. 



The Roxbury Magazine 



RELIABLE FOOTWEAR 

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31 YEARS) Our specialty is good-wearing Boots and Shoes 

for every member of the family at the most reasonable 
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L. FOSTER MORSE, 



FRANK E. CRUFF. 

AUCTIONEERS, REAL ESTATE, AND INSURANCE, 
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TELEPHONE CONNECTION. 

THE PERFECT CUSTOM LAUNDRY, 

254 BLUE HILL AVENUE. 

Laundry Called for and Delivered. 

F. T. BOUTELLE, Proprietor. 

COMPLIMENTS OF 

Mrs. R. G. MOLINEUX. 

J. C. PINEO, DEALER IN 

First-class Provisions and Groceries, Fresh Fish and Oysters. 

ALL KINDS OF GAME IN THEIR SEASON. AGENT FRANKLIN CREAMERY BUTTER. 

643 Warren Street, Grove Hall Square, BOSTON. 

Telephone, Roxbury 335-2. 

CRAWFORD & NICHOLS, iReterences. 

' Albert Geiger, Real Estate, Rialto Building. 
^. ^ Henry W. Savage, Real Estate, 63 Court Street. 

ID 1 11 \W n^t*ft ^'"^ ^°P'=' Architect, 209 Washington Street. 

||^VV»ll»b'WV'Vt Winslow & Wetherell, Architects. 

Dr. H. C. Bald\vin, 126 Commonwealth .U-enue. 
321 WARREN STREET, BOSTON. Dr. George R. Somhwick, 460 west Chester Park. 

Copley Square Hotel. 
TELEPHONE, ROXBURY 237. Hotel Reynolds, Washington Street. 

Linn Boyd Porter, Proprietor Ware Hall, Dormitory, Cambridge. 



The Roxbury Ma8:azine 



FISHER. 

Wall Papers. 

Oof spring line now complete and ready for 
inspection. 

Artistic designs. Lowest prices. 

Dainty chamber papers, eight cents per roll and upwards. 

GEORGE L. FISHER, 
J 40 Dudley Street, corner Warren. 
Telephone, J6J-2 Roxbury. 



Miss LILLIAN E. DAVIS 

AND 

Miss KATHERINE R. SHAILER. 
Private School. 



75 Warren Street, Roxbury. 



Geo. C. Appleton. Harky G. AprLET( 

Geo. C. Appleton & Son, 

REAL ESTATE 
BROKERS. 



No. 31 State Street, Boston. 

Telephone 2957. Residence, 38 Perrin Str 



Faelten Pianoforte School, 



carl faelten, Director. 




62 BOYLSTON street. 



Send for Prospectus, describing in full the courses 

for adults and children. Mailed free on application. 
School open daily from 9 to 6. 
Visitors always welcome. 



RICHARD WELCH, 
^ Florist ^ 

Plants, Cut Flowers, and Floral Designs. 

Greenhouses, 42 J Warren Street, 
Comer Munroe Street, Roxbury, Mass. 

Cameras 
and Photo Supplies 

OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. 




BENJ. FRENCH & CO., 

319 Washington Street, opposite the Old South. 



The Roxbury Magazine 



Copley Square 
School of cMustc, 

Languages, Literature, and c4rt. 

KATHARINE FRANCES BARNARD, 
Principal. 

PIERCE BUILDING, COPLEY SQUARE. 



DEPARTMENTS : 
Voice Culture. Opera and Oratorio. 
Instrumental. Tiano, Violin, 'Cello, Mandolin, Guitar, 

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Languages. French, German, Latin, Greek, Spanish, and 
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Literature. Physical Culture. Art. 



Telephone, J 02 Roxbury. 

8M. & K K Collins, 

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J21 Dudley Street, Boston Highlands. 

Personal attention given to Trapping 
and Ventilating House Drains. Jt^jt 

Jobbing; promptly attended to. 



HENRY F, MILLER, 
Pianofortes. 

Henry F. Miller & Sons Piano Co., 
88 Boylston St., Boston, Mass. 



Private School 



FOR GIRLS AND YOUNG CHILD'R.EN. 

Conducted by . . . 

Miss ELIZABETH CURTIS 
and Miss L. G. PEABODY. 

9( NEWBURY STREET, BOSTON. 



Girls are prepared for examinations at Bryn Mawr and 
Ivadclitfe. Certificate admits to Wellesley, Smith, Vassar, 
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Address Miss CURTIS, 91 Newbury Street. 



ESTARLISHED 1S49. 

dALKUi ,Dudley St 

Bookseller^ 
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Fine Stationery. Paper by the pound, quire, or box. 

School Supplies. 

Engraving, Printing, and Book Binding. 

Magazines at club rates. Papers delivered at residences 

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RESERVED. 



The Roxbory Magazine 



GROVE HALL HARDWARE CO., 

Hardware, Paints and Oils, Furnaces and Ranges. 



BELLS AND GAS LIQHTING. 



Grove Hall, 459 Blue Hill Ave., Roxbury, Mass. 

Grove Hall Provision Co., 

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Fine Groceries, Choice Meats, 
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Butter Direct from the Best Telephone, 

Vermont and New York Creameries. Roxbury 415-2. 

487 BLUE HILL AVENUE, ROXBURY, MASS. 



B. F. CRICCS, 

Grain, Meal, Bundle Hay, and Straw. 



CHOICE HAY A SPECIALTY. 



No. 634 Shawmut Ave., BOSTON, MASS. 
DOULL & SHILLADY, 

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CANOPIES TO LET FOH WCDDINCe AND PARTUS. 

Have your Prescriptions filled at 

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Charles E. Savell. 

Established 1847. 



Take your Prescription 

. . TO . . 

GEORGE'S DRUG STORE, 

381 Warren Street. 

For accuracy and despatch we take the lead. Prices reasonable. 

Miss MARY V. GILL, 

DRESSMAKER, 

331 Warren Street, Roxbury. suite 2. 

Peter A, Riley, 

j-j^ 4 8 Walnut Ave., 

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Near cor. Warren Street, 

Under Highland Hall. 

Plumbing in all its branches. 
Draining and Ventilating a specialty. 




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ice-cream and 

ices of all kinds. 

Family orders, Weddings, and Receptions given 
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323 Warren St., ROXBURY. 



The Roxbury Magfazine 



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Butter, Cheese, Eggs, etc. 
Corner Blue Hill Avenue and Devon Street. 


LUTHER B. GARDNER, 

Carpenter and Builder. 

Jobbing a Specialty. 
J 176 Harrison Ave., ROXBURY, MASS. 


Charles Westland & Co., 

GROCERS and 
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399 Warren St., opp. Savin St., ROXBURY. 






Property cared for and Rents collected. 

Telephone, 361-4 Roxbury. 


Orders caUed for and promptly deUvered. 


COUGHLIN BROS. & CO., 

Tlumbers, 

Telephone, 52J-2 Roxbury. 3J3 Warren Street, 
near Dale Street. 


J. MELVILLE HAYNES, 

UPHOLSTERER and 
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'^;o"xbu;T"^' steam carpet Cleaning. 


A. M. NicKBRsoN, Jr. E. P. Bond. 

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Window Shades and Screens, 

Screen Doors and Weather Strips. 
405 Warren St., ROXBURY. 


Isaac Sprague, 

Carpenter and Builder. 

Shop, 149 Dudley Street. 
Office, 75 Warren Street 
Residence, 19 Everett Ave., Dorchester. 

Jobbing Promptly Attended to. 


W. FINKEL & CO., -'— — ucH. 

"My House Furnisher." 

Household Furniture. 


Geo. R. Sladbr. Gbo. E. Kimball. 

Slader & KimbaH, 

REAL ESTATE 
^ and INSURANCE, ^ 


Stoves, Oil<loths, and Carpets at the Lowest Prices. 

i2&9 Tremont St., BOSTON, MASS. 

Through to Columbus Ave. 


MORTGAGES. 
3J J WARREN STREET, - ROXBURY, MASS. 


Long Distance Tel., J 62-3 Roxbury. 



The Roxbury Magfazine 



GEO. H. ELLIS, 
PRINTER AND PUBLISHER, 

272 CONGRESS STREET, 
BOSTON, MASS. 



The Roxburjr Mag^azine 



MacuIIar Parker Company, 

MAKERS, ON THEK OWN PREMISES, OF 



The Best Clothing 



FOR MEN AND 

BOYS. 



400 Washington Street, BOSTON. 



Reserved. 



The Roxbury Magfazine 



Reserved, 



Reserved, 



The Roxbury Magazine 



THE BOSTON TRAVELER. 

A paper for the people. 

Newsy, 
Bright, 
Clean. 

You want your evening paper 
to be so,— the paper you take 
home to your family. 

Then ^ ^^^ 
[Read 

Xhe Traveler, 

Boston's handsomest and liveli- 
est daily. 



I CENT /: CENTS 

4 per copy. \3 per week. 



Order of your Newsdealer to=night. 



XX The Roxbory Magazine 




American Dook Lo. 








NEW YORK, 
CHICAGO, CINCINNATI, 


RESERVED 





and BOSTON. 
¥¥¥ 



Compliments of - - - 

B. J. BENNETT, 
Tailor, 

GROVE HALL, ROXBURY. 

Telephone, 658-3 Roxbury. 



Boston Young Men's Christian Union, 

48 Boylston St. (near Tremont). 

Library, nearly 

I 5,000 vols. 



Gymnasium, 

fully equipped. 

Evening 
Classes. 

WeeklyEnter- 
tainments. 

Lectures, etc. 

'Pabtic 'Jieligioas 
Ser'bices. 

Employment 
'Bureau, 

Boarding-house 
"Registry. 

George Peirce, 

Secretary. 




Wm. H. Baldwin, 

President. 



L£Ja'l3 



CDe 



Roxburv 
magazine 




# ♦ # # t f # f ^ ^ 




Comfort 



Is one of the pleasures of life 
most sought after. Every lady 
should have her shoes properly 
fitted. Do not ask for your size 

if you think you knovvr v/hat fits you, 

but ask to be fitted. 

We have experienced men and 

women whose pleasure it is to fit you 

properly. 

Try Sorosis, and you ^ -^ '^ f\ 

will have great comfort and ' O «0 \/ 

satisfaction. p^'-"^- 

Shepard, Norwell & Co., 

WINTER STREET, BOSTON. 



Your Orandmother Traded Here! 



W. & A. BACON, 

DRV QOODS, 

Crockery, Glassware, and Kitchen Furnishings. 

¥/ASHINQTON AND RUGGLES SlS., 
BOSTON, 

\^E sti5! cSirig to evsry feature of Storekceping that has given you confidence in 
^^ BACON'S, 

>ye have the same Standard oi Excellence an our Goods, the same Square Dealings 
with every one, and the Very Lowest Prices in the State for Good Goods. 

These ars what have given BACON'S CORNER the Reputation which it has enjoyed 
for nearly a Century. 

KING'S PUREMALT 

The Great Builder 

King's Puremalt is an honest malt extract, highly nutritious 

and absolutely pure. Contains no gum, glucose, or 

glycerine. 

It is especially valuable ior convalescents, nursing mothers, 

and for all who are troubled with insomnia or nervousness. 

Puremalt De partment 

Charles A. King 

60 Conant Street, Boston 



